| 引用本文: | 李昌见,张煊淘,闫顺领,等.地膜、生物炭与密度协同对西北玉米生理特性、
水氮利用及抗旱性的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(9):1-13. |
| Li Changjian,Zhang Xuantao,Yan Shunling,et al.地膜、生物炭与密度协同对西北玉米生理特性、
水氮利用及抗旱性的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(9):1-13. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探明不同农艺措施对玉米生理特性、水氮利用及抗旱性的影响，以期为该类地区筛选节水高产栽培模式。【方法】设置了2种覆盖方式（M0：无覆盖和M1：黑色地膜覆盖）、3个密度梯度（低密度（D1）：45 000株/hm2、当地玉米种植密度（D2）：60 000株/hm2和高密度（D3）：75 000株/hm2）和3个生物炭添加量（不添加（B0）：0 t/hm2、低添加量（B15）：15 t/hm2和高添加量（B30）：30 t/hm2）三因素随机区组试验，系统监测了玉米生长发育、水氮利用指标及抗旱性能。【结果】①D3M1B30处理对土壤孔隙度的改善效果优于单一措施，较D2M0B0处理提升7.68%。地膜覆盖与生物炭添加显著增强土壤结构稳定性与保水能力，D3M1B30处理玉米水分利用效率较D2M0B0处理提升59.78%，同时增加氮素利用效率。②2个试验年份D3处理玉米穗数较D2处理平均增加17.73%，产量增加2.04%。2023—2024年D3M1B30处理籽粒产量较D2M0B0处理平均提高37.43%，2024年收获指数达45.42%。③B30处理抗旱指数较B0处理平均提高11.87%。D3B30处理抗旱指数较D2B0处理提高5.95%，抗旱指数与作物产量显著正相关（R2=0.684）。【结论】在西北旱作区，地膜覆盖、生物炭施加（30 t/hm2）与高密度种植（D3M1B30）三者协同是兼顾玉米高产高效与增强保水抗旱能力的适宜栽培模式，具有良好的地域适配性。 |
| 关键词: 生物炭；种植密度；地膜覆盖；玉米产量；抗旱指数 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2026004 |
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| Synergy effects of film mulching, biochar application and planting density on physiological traits, water-nitrogen utilization and drought resistance of maize in Northwest China |
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Li Changjian, Zhang Xuantao, Yan Shunling, Wan Qilin, Du Pengtao,
Lyu Dongli, Gao Xiaodong, Zhao Xining
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1. College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Control, Yangling 712100, China;
3. College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】To investigate the effects of different agronomic practices on the physiological characteristics, water and nitrogen utilization and drought resistance of maize, so as to identify a water-saving and high-yield cultivation patterns suitable for this region.【Method】A three-factor randomized block experiment was conducted, including two mulching treatments (M0, no mulching; M1, black plastic film mulching), three plant densities (D1, low density: 45 000 plants/hm2; D2, local conventional density: 60 000 plants/hm2; D3, high density: 75 000 plants/hm2), and three biochar application rates (B0, no biochar: 0 t/hm2; B15, low application rate: 15 t/hm2; B30, high application rate: 30 t/hm2). Maize growth and development, water and nitrogen use indices and drought resistance were systematically monitored.【Result】①The D3M1B30 treatment improved soil porosity more effectively than any single practice, with an increase of 7.68% compared with the D2M0B0. Plastic film mulching combined with biochar application significantly enhanced soil structural stability and water-holding capacity. The water use efficiency of maize under D3M1B30 was 59.78% higher than that under D2M0B0, accompanied by an increased in nitrogen use efficiency. ②In the two experimental years, the number of ears under D3 was averagely increased by 17.73%, and grain yield rosed by 2.04?% relative to D2. During 2023–2024, the grain yield of the D3M1B30 was averagely enhanced by 37.43% compared with the D2M0B0, and the harvest index reached 45.42% in 2024. ③The drought resistance index of the B30 was averagely 11.87% higher than that of the B0. The drought resistance index under D3B30 increased by 5.95% relative to D2B0, and the drought resistance index was significantly positively correlated with crop yield (R2=0.684).【Conclusion】In the dry-farming regions of Northwest China, the combination of plastic film mulching, biochar application at 30 t/hm2 and high-density planting (D3M1B30) represents a suitable cultivation pattern for simultaneously achieving high maize yield and resource-use efficiency while enhancing soil water retention and drought resistance, and shows good regional adaptability. |
| Key words: biochar; planting density; plastic film mulching; maize yield; drought resistance index |
