| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究密植浅埋滴灌施肥模式对玉米生长、产量、籽粒品质及资源利用效率的影响，为半干旱风沙区建立增产提质的玉米生产模式提供理论支撑。【方法】于2024—2025年在内蒙古通辽市科尔沁区开展田间试验，对比密植浅埋滴灌施肥处理（DP，9.0万株/hm2）与传统种植密度地面灌溉一次性基施肥料处理（TP，6.0万株/hm2）2种种植模式，研究密植浅埋滴灌施肥对玉米生长、产量构成、籽粒品质、水分利用效率（WUE）和肥料偏生产力（PFP）的影响。【结果】密植浅埋滴灌施肥模式显著改变了玉米株型结构，提高了叶面积指数和气孔导度。与TP处理相比，DP处理灌水量减少33.3%、肥料投入量降低32.8%，2024、2025年产量分别提高104.0%、86.8%，WUE增加115.3%~140.4%，PFP提升177.4%~202.4%，实现了产量与资源利用效率的协同提升。与TP处理相比，DP处理的籽粒干基蛋白量和体积质量分别下降4.0%~4.3%和7.1%~12.2%，淀粉量提高3.8%~9.0%，在品质层面表现为淀粉量升高、蛋白量下降和体积质量降低的特征。【结论】密植浅埋滴灌施肥显著提高了玉米产量和资源利用效率，但显著降低了籽粒干基蛋白量与体积质量。 |
| 关键词: 浅埋滴灌；种植密度；水分利用效率；肥料偏生产力；籽粒品质 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2025372 |
| 分类号: |
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| Effects of dense planting and shallow-buried drip fertigation on growth, grain yield and quality, and resource use efficiency of maize in semi-arid sandy region |
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Cui Xueying, Yuan Yue, Wang Yaosheng
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Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/
State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources/Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture,
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Maize production in semi-arid sandy regions is constrained by limited water and nutrient availability, making it challenging to simultaneously achieve high yield and efficient resource use. To address this challenge, we investigated the combined effects of dense planting and shallow-buried drip fertigation on maize growth, grain yield and quality, and resource-use efficiency in these regions.【Methods】A field experiment was conducted in 2024 and 2025 in Horqin District, Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia. Two contrasting cultivation systems were compared: dense planting (90 000 plants/hm2) combined with shallow-buried drip fertigation (DP), and conventional planting (60 000 plants/hm2) combined with surface irrigation and one-time basal fertilizer application (TP). Maize growth, grain yield and quality, yield component, water-use efficiency (WUE), and partial factor productivity of fertilizer (PFP) were measured and evaluated under each cultivation system.【Result】Dense planting combined with shallow drip fertigation significantly altered plant architecture and increased leaf area index and stomatal conductance. Compared with TP, DP reduced irrigation and fertilizer inputs by 33.3% and 32.8%, respectively, while increasing grain yield by 104.0% and 86.8% in 2024 and 2025, respectively, WUE by 115.3%- 140.4%, and PFP by 177.4%-202.4%. However, DP reduced grain protein content and test weight by 4.0%-4.3% and 7.1%-12.2%, respectively, and increased starch content by 3.8%-9.0% compared with TP. These results indicate a trade-off in grain quality, characterized by high starch content and low protein content and test weight in DP.【Conclusion】Dense planting combined with shallow subsurface drip fertigation substantially improved maize yield and resource-use efficiency in semi-arid sandy regions, but may compromise grain quality by reducing protein content and test weight while increasing starch content. |
| Key words: shallow-buried drip irrigation; planting density; water use efficiency; partial factor productivity of fertilizer; grain quality |
