| 引用本文: | 邱雨晴,童菊秀,王明宽,等.浅湿晒灌溉时不同施肥水平对稻田氮素运移及产量的影响研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(9):28-37. |
| Qiu Yuqing,Tong Juxiu,Wang Mingkuan,et al.浅湿晒灌溉时不同施肥水平对稻田氮素运移及产量的影响研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(9):28-37. |
|
| 摘要: |
| 【目的】在明确浅湿晒灌溉模式效果最优的基础上，进一步探究施肥水平对水稻田氮素运移及产量所产生的影响，分析出水稻产量与氮素利用率最高的水肥管理方案。【方法】选取5块稻田开展试验，在浅湿晒灌溉模式下分别使用缓释肥N∶P∶K=24∶8∶10、尿素N＞46和复合肥N∶P∶K=26∶10∶15作为基肥、拔节肥和孕穗肥，1~4号田施肥水平分别为传统施肥量的100%（F1处理）、90%（F2处理）、85%（F3处理）和80%（F4处理），5号田为对照（CK）。对比分析减肥处理下稻田0~30 cm土层中NH4+-N和NO3--N的时空分布特征以及每块田的水稻产量和氮素利用指标。【结果】每次施肥后NH4+-N和NO3--N质量浓度均会出现峰值，NO3--N质量浓度远小于NH4+-N，且前者峰值出现时间除A1点外均滞后于后者，整体上F2处理下NH4+-N和NO3--N质量浓度时空分布最均匀、氮素利用率与产量均最高。【结论】在浅湿晒灌溉模式下，F2处理下的施肥效果最佳，该地减少10%肥料用量在一定条件下有助于提高水稻产量和氮素利用效率，并通过影响氮素的时空分布来降低农田面源污染风险。 |
| 关键词: 浅湿晒灌溉；施肥水平；氮素运移；产量；稻田 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2026068 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目: |
|
| Effects of fertilization rate on soil nitrogen dynamics and rice yield under shallow-wetting-drying irrigation |
|
Qiu Yuqing, Tong Juxiu, Wang Mingkuan, Wu Jingwei
|
|
1. MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing),
Beijing 100083, China; 2. School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China;
3. State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
|
| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Optimizing fertilization under water-saving irrigation can improve rice yield and nitrogen- use efficiency while reducing nitrogen losses. This study investigated the effects of fertilizer application rate on soil nitrogen dynamics and rice yield under shallow-wetting-drying irrigation to find an optimal irrigation–fertilization strategy for simultaneously improving rice yield and nitrogen-use efficiency.【Method】The experiment was conducted in five paddy fields under shallow-wetting-drying irrigation. Fertilization treatments were as follows: slow-release fertilizer (N∶P∶K= 24∶8∶10), urea (N＞46%), and compound fertilizer (N∶P∶K = 26∶10∶15) were applied as basal fertilizer and topdressings at the jointing and booting stages, respectively. Fertilizer application rate in four fields was set at 100%, 90%, 85%, and 80% of the conventional fertilization rate, and one unfertilized field served as the control. The spatiotemporal distributions of NH4?-N and NO3--N in the 0-30 cm soil layer, as well as rice yield and nitrogen-use efficiency, were measured for each treatment.【Result】NH4?-N and NO3--N concentrations peaked following each fertilizer application. NO3--N concentrations were significantly lower than NH4?-N concentrations, and the peak in NO3--N concentration generally lagged behind that of NH4?-N, except under the conventional fertilization rate. Overall, reducing fertilization rate by 10% relative to the conventional fertilization rate resulted in the most stable spatiotemporal distributions of NH4?-N and NO3--N, and achieved the highest rice yield and nitrogen-use efficiency.【Conclusion】Under shallow-wetting-drying irrigation, reducing fertilizer application by 10% relative to the conventional fertilization rate was most effective, increasing both rice yield and nitrogen-use efficiency. This irrigation-fertilization strategy reduced nitrogen losses through gaseous emissions and leaching by regulating the spatiotemporal dynamics of soil nitrogen. |
| Key words: shallow-wetting-drying irrigation; fertilizer application levels; nitrogen transport; rice yield; paddy field |
