| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究干热河谷地区番茄种植适宜的施氮量和生物炭施用量组合方式。【方法】在膜下滴灌条件下，以番茄为研究对象，设置4个生物炭施用量，分别B0（0 t/hm2）、B10（10 t/hm2）、B20（20 t/hm2）和B30（30 t/hm2），4个施氮量N0（0 kg/hm2）、N1（150 kg/hm2）、N2（225 kg/hm2）和N3（300 kg/hm2），采用完全组合设计，以B0N0处理为对照（CK）共16个处理。研究不同氮肥和生物炭耦合对番茄土壤理化性质、土壤酶活性、根际细菌和真菌群落结构与多样性以及番茄产量和品质的影响。【结果】①氮炭耦合对干热区番茄产量及品质具有明显的提升作用，其中，以B30N2处理效果较为突出，番茄产量为103.75 t/hm2，番茄红素量为96.08 mg/kg，分别较CK高34.48%和113.99%。②氮炭耦合优化了细菌群落结构，显著提高了其丰富度与多样性，对真菌群落表现出抑制作用。B30N2处理Chao1、ACE及Observed species物种丰富度指数分别比CK提高30.73%、30.54%和30.63%，Shannon和Simpson多样性指数分别增加15.23%和0.90%，而真菌Alpha多样性指数则分别比CK减少31.30%、31.34%、31.26%、5.01%和3.18%。③方差分解分析（VPA）表明，土壤理化性质和酶活性与微生物因素共同驱动了番茄产量和品质的提升，土壤理化性质和酶活性是主控因素，总解释度达37.7%。④冗余分析（RDA）表明，土壤铵态氮和担子菌门（Basidiomycota）对番茄的产量和品质具有最高的解释度，分别为22.6%和16.8%。【结论】氮炭耦合能有效改善番茄土壤根际土壤微环境，提高干热区番茄产量和品质；在B30N2处理下番茄可获得较高的产量和品质，有效促进细菌群落生长并抑制有害真菌群落的丰度。 |
| 关键词: 番茄 土壤微生物 产量 生物炭 干热区 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2026080 |
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| 基金项目: |
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| Combined effects of nitrogen and biochar application on soil microbial communities and tomato yield and quality in a dry-hot region |
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Liu Yanwei, Zhang Lei, Zhang Chu, Wang Haidong, Wang Song,
Lu Shumiao, Chen Zeping, Li Yulin, Yang Qiliang
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1. Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China;
2. Yunnan Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization and Intelligent Control of Agricultural Water Resources, Kunming 650500, China;
3. Yunnan Intelligent Water-Fertilizer-Pesticide Integration Technology and Equipment Innovation Team, Kunming 650500, China;
4. Seasonal Arid Region, Water-Soil-Crop System Observation and Research Station of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650500, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Dry-hot regions are characterized by high temperatures and limited water availability, which constrain crop productivity and soil health. Nitrogen fertilization and biochar application can improve soil health and crop growth, but their optimal combination remains unclear. Using tomato as a model crop, this paper studied the effects of different combinations of nitrogen fertilizer and biochar on soil properties, rhizosphere microbial communities, tomato yield and fruit quality.【Method】The experiment was conducted in a mulched drip-irrigated tomato field. There were four biochar application rates: 0 (B0), 10 (B10), 20 (B20) and 30 (B30) t/hm2, each combined with four nitrogen fertilization rates: 0 (N0), 150 (N1), 225 (N2), and 300 (N3) kg/hm2. The effects of different treatments on soil physicochemical properties, soil enzyme activities, and the community structure and diversity of bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere, tomato yield and fruit quality were measured.【Result】①The combined application of nitrogen fertilizer and biochar significantly affected tomato yield and quality. Among all treatments, B30N2 showed the best overall performance, increasing tomato yield to 103.75 t/hm2 and lycopene content to 96.08 mg/kg, representing increases of 34.48% and 113.99%, respectively, compared with CK. ②The combined application of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer altered bacterial community structure. It significantly increased bacterial richness and diversity but reduced fungal alpha diversity. B30N2 increased the Chao1, ACE, and Observed species indices by 30.73%, 30.54%, and 30.63%, respectively, and increased the Shannon and Simpson indices by 15.23% and 0.90%, respectively, compared with CK. In contrast, B30N2 reduced fungal alpha-diversity indices by 31.30%, 31.34%, 31.26%, 5.01%, and 3.18%, respectively, compared with CK. ③Variance partitioning analysis indicated that soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, and microbial factors jointly contributed to variation in tomato yield and quality, with physicochemical properties and enzyme activities being the dominant explanatory factors, accounting for 37.7% of the total variation. ④Redundancy analysis showed that soil ammonium nitrogen and Basidiomycota accounted for 22.6% and 16.8% of the variation, respectively.【Conclusion】The combined application of nitrogen fertilizer and biochar improved the rhizosphere environment and enhanced tomato yield and fruit quality in the dry-hot valley region. The B30N2 treatment showed the best overall performance, promoting bacterial richness and diversity while reducing fungal alpha diversity. These findings suggest that B30N2 is a promising nitrogen-biochar management strategy for improving tomato productivity and regulating rhizosphere microbial communities in dry-hot regions. |
| Key words: tomato soil microorganism yield biochar dry-hot region |
