| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究地下滴灌带铺设间距对不同空间位置冬小麦光合、水势、SPAD值以及产量的影响。【方法】以科遗6 259为供试小麦品种，滴灌带埋深30 cm，设置60 cm（D60）和120 cm（D120）2个滴灌带铺设间距，考虑滴灌带正上方（P1）与2条滴灌带中间（P2）位置对宽间距铺设下冬小麦生理及产量变化带来的影响。D60处理冬小麦长势均匀，测定时未区分空间位置。探究D120处理距滴灌带水平距离30 cm（S1）、60 cm（S2）处土壤含水率的变化，将带间（距滴灌带水平距离30 cm）的土壤含水率作为D60处理的代表值；研究不同滴灌带铺设间距对冬小麦各生育时期气体交换参数（An、Tr、gs）、水势、SPAD值以及产量的影响。【结果】①不同生育时期，D60处理与D120处理S1、S2位置的土壤含水率变化趋势相似，随着土层深度的增加，土壤含水率呈先增加再降低后增加的变化趋势。②2024年开花期D120处理P1位置气体交换参数（An、Tr、gs）与D60处理无显著差异，D120处理P2位置Tr、gs比D60处理显著降低了33.15%、30.71%；2025年，拔节、开花期的An、Tr和gs均表现为D120处理P1位置＞D60处理＞D120处理P2位置。其中，开花期D120处理P1位置冬小麦Tr、gs较D60处理显著提高了17.96%、19.67%，D120处理P2位置An较D60处理显著降低了11.19%。③2025年开花期叶水势、SPAD值均表现为D120处理P1位置＞D60处理＞D120处理P2位置，不同年份冬小麦开花期各生理指标之间表现出较优的相关关系。④D120处理通过提高P1位置冬小麦分蘖数、穗粒数和千粒质量，抵消了P2位置的产量损失，保持产量不显著低于D60处理整体产量。【结论】本试验条件下，正常水肥和宽间距地下滴灌带铺设通过提高滴灌带附近的作物光合生理参数补偿远离滴灌带位置的光合损失，从而维持产量水平。 |
| 关键词: 滴灌带铺设间距 叶水势 SPAD值 光合生理 产量 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2026001 |
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| Effects of subsurface drip-tape spacing on physiological traits and yield of winter wheat |
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Feng Pancen, Hu Xinlong, Zhao Shuanghui, Cheng Gaoshuai, Zhao Luying,
Sun Pu, Su Xinru, Mo Yan, Li Hao, Zhang Yanqun
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1. Department of Irrigation and Drainage, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100048, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Watershed Water Cycle and Water Safety, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100048, China; 3. Tarim University School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Alaer 843300, China;
4. Agricultural College of Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Subsurface drip irrigation can reduce irrigation water use and improve water-use efficiency, but appropriate drip-tape spacing is critical for achieving these benefits. Here, we investigated the effects of subsurface drip-tape spacing on soil water distribution, photosynthesis, plant water status, SPAD value, and the yield of winter wheat.【Method】The field experiment was conducted using winter wheat cultivar Keyi 6259 as the test crop. There were two treatments: drip-tape spacing of 60 cm (D60) and 120 cm (D120), with the tapes buried at the depth of 30 cm. During the experiment, we measured soil water content, net photosynthetic rate [An], transpiration rate [Tr], stomatal conductance [gs], leaf water potential, SPAD value, and yield at different growth stages. Under D120, these were measured right above the drip tape (P1) and midway between two adjacent drip tapes (P2), while soil water content was measured at locations 30 cm (S1) and 60 cm (S2) horizontally away from the drip tape.【Result】①The vertical distribution of soil water content showed similar trends under D60 and D120, increasing first and then decreasing with increasing soil depth, before increasing again in deeper soil. ②At the flowering stage in 2024, D120 did not significantly affect An, Tr, or gs at P1, but significantly reduced Tr and gs at P2 by 33.15% and 30.71%, respectively, compared with D60. At the jointing and flowering stages in 2025, An, Tr, and gs followed the order D120-P1＞D60＞D120-P2; at the flowering stage, Tr and gs at D120-P1 were 17.96% and 19.67% higher, respectively, whereas An at D120-P2 was 11.19% lower than that under D60. ③In 2025, leaf water potential and SPAD value at the flowering stage showed the same spatial pattern (D120-P1＞D60＞D120-P2), and the physiological traits were positively correlated in both 2024 and 2025. ④D120 enhanced tillering, grains per spike, and thousand-grain weight at P1, which offset the yield reduction at P2, resulting in approximately same yield in D120 and D60.【Conclusion】Wide-spaced subsurface drip irrigation can maintain winter wheat yield, despite spatial variation in physiological performance, by enhancing photosynthetic capacity and yield components of plants located near the drip tapes, thereby compensating for the reduced photosynthetic performance of plants farther from the tapes. |
| Key words: drip tape spacing leaf water potential SPAD photosynthetic physiology yield |
