| 引用本文: | 王 奇,单 煜,姬 晨,等.咸水补灌条件下棉田土壤肥力补偿效应分析[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(10):50-58. |
| Wang Qi,Shan Yu,Ji Chen,et al.咸水补灌条件下棉田土壤肥力补偿效应分析[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(10):50-58. |
|
| 摘要: |
| 【目的】针对新疆咸水补灌棉田引发的土壤盐渍化与结构退化问题，探究施用有机肥对咸水补灌负面效应的补偿作用。【方法】在新疆沙雅县开展田间试验，共设置5个处理：全生育期淡水灌溉（CK）、蕾期和花铃期补灌5 g/L咸水（S5）、在S5基础上分别配施牛粪（S5+C15）、水溶性有机肥（S5+D60）及二者联用（S5+C15+D60）。于棉花收获后采集0~20 cm耕层土壤，测定土壤含盐量、有机碳量、碱解氮量、有效磷量、速效钾量，干筛法测定土壤团聚体组成，计算平均重量直径和几何平均直径及团聚体养分量。【结果】咸水补灌（S5）棉田耕层土壤含盐量较CK增加了31.14%，土壤团聚体稳定性的平均重量直径MWD和几何平均直径GMD指标分别降低了20.20%和36.96%；施用牛粪与水溶性有机肥均可缓解咸水补灌的盐分胁迫，且S5+C15、S5+C15+D60处理的土壤含盐量不仅低于咸水补灌处理而且显著低于淡水灌溉处理，显著提升了有机碳及速效养分量，增强了土壤团聚体的稳定性；其中，牛粪与水溶性有机肥联用效果最佳，较S5处理土壤含盐量降低了40.25%，土壤有机碳量、有效磷量、速效钾量和碱解氮量分别提高29.61%、21.19%、53.65%和47.86%，团聚体稳定性指标（MWD和GMD）分别提高了58.66%和148.08%。同时发现，有机碳量和碱解氮量主要赋存于＞2 mm团聚体中；有效磷量在0.25~2 mm粒级较高，而速效钾量各粒级分布相对均匀。【结论】咸水补灌棉田通过配施有机肥，特别是组合施用牛粪和水溶性有机肥，可协同缓解盐害、提升土壤团聚体稳定性与土壤肥力，研究结果为干旱区咸水资源安全利用提供了技术参考。 |
| 关键词: 咸水补灌 有机肥 土壤团聚体 土壤养分 棉田 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2026055 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目: |
|
| Effects of organic fertilization on soil quality in cotton fields under supplementary brackish water irrigation |
|
Wang Qi, Shan Yu, Ji Chen, Liu Fujing, Cheng Lihao, Xu Kaijiang,
Zhou Chenglong, Liu Yunhua, Sheng Jiandong
|
|
1. College of Resources and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University/Xinjiang Plantation Green Production Engineering Technology Center, Urumqi 830052, China; 2. Shaya Lihua Modern Agriculture Co., Ltd., Akesu 842200, China
|
| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】In arid regions, brackish water is often used as a supplementary irrigation resource in agricultural production, but its long-term application could lead to soil salinization and soil health degradation. This study experimentally evaluated the feasibility of using organic fertilization to mitigate these adverse effects.【Method】The experiment was conducted in a cotton field in Shaya County, Xinjiang. It consisted of five treatments: freshwater irrigation throughout the growing season (CK), supplementary irrigation with brackish water with a salinity of 5 g/L at the budding and flowering-boll stages (S5), and S5 combined with cattle manure application (S5+C15), soluble organic fertilization (S5+D60), and both cattle manure and soluble organic fertilization (S5+C15+D60). After harvest, soil samples were collected from the 0-20 cm soil layer to determine the changes in soil salinity, soil organic carbon, alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium. Soil aggregation was also assessed using the dry-sieving method to measure to measure mean weight diameter (MWD), mean geometric diameter (GMD), and nutrient contents in different aggregate classes.【Result】Supplementary irrigation with brackish water increased the topsoil salinity by 31.14% and reduced aggregate stability, with MWD and GMD decreasing by 20.20% and 36.96%, respectively, compared with CK. Organic fertilization alleviated these adverse effects. The S5+C15 and S5+C15+D60 treatments not only reduced soil salinity to levels significantly lower than those under S5 but also reduced it below the CK level, while significantly increasing soil organic carbon, available nutrient contents, and soil aggregate stability. The combined application of cattle manure and soluble organic fertilizer (S5+C15+D60) produced the most pronounced effects. Compared with S5, it reduced soil salinity by 40.25% and increased soil organic carbon, available phosphorus, available potassium, and alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen by 29.61%, 21.19%, 53.65%, and 47.86%, respectively, while increasing MWD and GMD by 58.66% and 148.08%, respectively. We also found that organic carbon and alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen were predominantly associated with aggregates ＞2 mm, while available phosphorus was mainly associated with aggregates of 0.25-2 mm. In contrast, available potassium did not show significant dependence on aggregate size.【Conclusion】Organic fertilization, particularly combined application of cattle manure and soluble organic fertilizer, can effectively alleviate soil salinity, enhance aggregate stability, and improve soil fertility under brackish water supplementary irrigation. It can thus be used as an improved agronomic practice for sustainable utilization of brackish water resource for agricultural production in arid regions. |
| Key words: brackish water supplementary irrigation organic fertilizer soil aggregates soil nutrients cotton field |
