| 引用本文: | 郭金秀,邱虎森,冯苗苗,等.生物炭对滴灌农田根际氨氧化微生物的调控[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(10):59-64. |
| Guo Jinxiu,Qiu Husen,Feng Miaomiao,et al.生物炭对滴灌农田根际氨氧化微生物的调控[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(10):59-64. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】分析生物炭对滴灌农田根际氨氧化微生物的调控作用。【方法】设置畦灌（对照）与地表滴灌2种灌溉方式，以及0、10、20 t/hm2梯度生物炭施用量（分别记作CK、LB、HB处理），采用实时荧光定量PCR技术测定氨氧化微生物基因丰度，并结合土壤酶活性及土壤理化性质，分析滴灌与生物炭协同作用对根际氨氧化微生物的调控效应。【结果】与畦灌相比，滴灌使根际铵态氮（NH4?-N）量显著降低61.7%~69.8%，硝态氮（NO3--N）量显著增加70%~300%，主要归因于滴灌用水量仅为畦灌的50%，显著增强了氨氧化作用强度；滴灌条件下氨氧化细菌功能基因（AOB-amoA）丰度显著上升，最高可达畦灌条件的2倍；而氨氧化古菌功能基因（AOA-amoA）丰度降低30.2%~60.8%。滴灌与生物炭协同处理可提高根际NH4?-N量，但降低了根际NO3--N量；畦灌配施生物炭对AOA-amoA丰度无显著影响，但可显著提高主导氨氧化过程的AOB-amoA丰度；与畦灌相比，滴灌生物炭协同处理使AOA-amoA与AOB-amoA基因丰度分别提升1.3~1.8倍与1.5~2.3倍。【结论】滴灌与生物炭协同作用可有效促进铵态氮转化及硝态氮累积，推动土壤氨氧化细菌增殖，强化土壤氨氧化过程。 |
| 关键词: 滴灌 生物炭 氨氧化微生物 硝化过程 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2025230 |
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| Combined effects of drip irrigation and biochar application on rhizosphere ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms |
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Guo Jinxiu, Qiu Husen, Feng Miaomiao, Yu Haonan, Li Rongchao, Xu Huiqi, Liu Jieyun
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1. School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234100, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Water-saving Irrigation Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,
Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Ammonia oxidation is a key process in soil nitrogen cycling and is influenced by various biotic and abiotic factors. This study investigated the interactive effects of biochar application and drip irrigation on ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms in the rhizosphere.【Method】The experiment was conducted under field conditions and comprised two irrigation treatments: furrow irrigation (control) and surface drip irrigation, each combined with three biochar application rates: 0, 10 and 20 t/hm2. The abundances of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) were determined using quantitative real-time PCR targeting the amoA functional gene. Soil enzymatic activities and physicochemical properties were also measured to elucidate the interactive effects of irrigation and biochar on ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms in the rhizosphere.【Result】Compared with furrow irrigation, drip irrigation significantly reduced rhizosphere NH4?-N concentration by 61.7%-69.8%, while increasing NO3--N concentration by 70%-300%. Drip irrigation reduced water use by 50% relative to furrow irrigation, while simultaneously enhancing soil ammonia oxidation, increasing AOB-amoA abundance by up to 200%, and decreasing AOA-amoA abundance by 30.2%-60.8%. Under drip irrigation, biochar application increased rhizosphere NH4?-N concentration while slightly decreasing NO3--N concentration. In contrast, under furrow irrigation, biochar application had no significant effect on AOA-amoA abundance but significantly increased AOB-amoA abundance. Compared with furrow irrigation without biochar application, drip irrigation combined with biochar application increased AOA-amoA and AOB-amoA abundances by 1.3-1.8-fold and 1.5-2.3-fold, respectively.【Conclusion】Drip irrigation combined with biochar application promoted rhizosphere nitrogen transformation, stimulated proliferation of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms, particularly AOB, and enhanced soil ammonia oxidation. These findings highlight the potential of integrating drip irrigation with biochar amendment as an effective strategy for regulating rhizosphere nitrogen cycling and improving nitrogen bioavailability. |
| Key words: drip irrigation biochar ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms nitrification process |
