| 引用本文: | 田 波,姚 珊,魏文轩,等.无膜覆盖水肥一体化下玉米滴灌制度研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(10):65-71. |
| Tian Bo,Yao Shan,Wei Wenxuan,et al.无膜覆盖水肥一体化下玉米滴灌制度研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(10):65-71. |
|
| 摘要: |
| 【目的】我国西北干旱半干旱地区，玉米种植面临水资源短缺与耕地盐渍化双重制约，传统粗放滴灌不仅浪费水资源，又制约单产提升，有必要探讨水肥协同条件下不同滴灌量对玉米光合生理、生长发育及产量的影响。【方法】以当地主栽玉米品种“雄玉581”为研究对象，采用单因素多水平随机区组设计，设置6个滴灌量处理（2 250、3 000、3 750、4 500、5 250、6 000 m3/hm2），全生育期实施水肥一体化管理（滴灌12次、随水施肥8次，施肥量975 kg/hm2），系统测定光合特性、生长发育及产量相关指标。【结果】①玉米净光合速率、蒸腾速率和胞间CO2摩尔分数随滴灌量增加呈先升高后降低趋势，4 500 m3/hm2处理时净光合速率达峰值39.64 μmol/（m2·s），气孔导度受滴灌量影响不显著（P＞0.05）；②玉米株高、茎粗、穗部性状及产量与滴灌量呈抛物线型关系，滴灌量超过3 750 m3/hm2后茎粗、穗粗下降且秃尖加长，超过5 250 m3/hm2后玉米株高、单穗质量、产量等指标显著降低。【结论】综上可知，河套灌区无膜覆盖、水肥一体化条件下，玉米最高产量对应的滴灌量为4 656.15 m3/hm2，最高理论产量达18 714.5 kg/hm2。 |
| 关键词: 河套灌区 玉米 滴灌量 水肥一体化 无膜 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2026061 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目: |
|
| Optimal drip fertigation regime for maize production |
|
Tian Bo, Yao Shan, Wei Wenxuan, Wang Dequan
|
|
1. College of Civil Engineering and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China;
2. Agricultural technology Company, Derun, Wuzhong 751100, China;
3. Administration Bureau of Helan Mountain National Nature Reserve, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750021, China
|
| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The arid and semi-arid regions in Northwestern China are constrained by water scarcity, and improving irrigation and fertilization management is essential for sustaining agricultural production in these regions. This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the optimal drip fertigation regime for maize production under mulch-free conditions in these regions.【Method】The experiment was conducted in the Hetao Irrigation District, using the local variety ‘Xiongyu 581’ as the model plant. It consisted of six irrigation treatments: 2 250, 3 000, 3 750, 4 500, 5 250, and 6 000 m3/hm2. Water and fertilizer were applied at different growth stages via 12 drip irrigation events and 8 fertigation events, with the total fertilizer application in all treatments being 975 kg/hm2. During the experiment, we measured photosynthetic, growth and yield-related traits.【Result】①With increasing drip irrigation amounts, the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and intercellular CO2 concentration increased initially and then declined. The maximum net photosynthetic rate was 39.64 μmol/(m2·s), observed when the irrigation amount was 4 500 m3/hm2; the stomatal conductance was not significantly affected by irrigation amount (P＞0.05). ②Plant height, stem diameter, ear traits and grain yield varied quadratically with drip irrigation amount. When irrigation exceeded 3 750 m3/hm2, a further increase in irrigation amount reduced stem diameter and ear diameter, while increasing ear-tip barrenness. Irrigation exceeding 5 250 m3/hm2 significantly reduced plant height, single-ear weight and grain yield.【Conclusion】Under drip fertigation without mulch in the Hetao Irrigation District, the estimated irrigation amount associated with the maximum maize grain yield (18 714.45 kg/hm2) was 4 656.15 m3/hm2. These findings provide a quantitative basis for optimizing drip fertigation and improving maize production in the Hetao Irrigation District. |
| Key words: Hetao Irrigation District maize drip irrigation amount fertigation no covered with film |
