| 引用本文: | 孟 馨,郑和祥,王万宁,等.内蒙古镫口扬水灌区地下水位时空变化特征与趋势分析[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(10):115-122. |
| Meng Xin,Zheng Hexiang,Wang Wanning,et al.内蒙古镫口扬水灌区地下水位时空变化特征与趋势分析[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(10):115-122. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】深入探究内蒙古镫口扬水灌区有灌无排条件下地下水动态变化规律。【方法】基于MK检验法和空间插值法，系统分析了该灌区2018—2024年地下水埋深趋势及时空变化规律。【结果】①灌区地下水埋深年际变化总体呈增加趋势，波动范围为1.7~2.8 m，年际尺度上地下水埋深整体以年均0.2 m幅度持续下降，总变幅达77%；年内尺度上则呈规律波动，春灌与秋浇期间引黄水量分别占全年15%与40%，对应埋深降幅达17%和14%，而雨季降水量占全年降水量的70%却伴随埋深减小，反映出非生育期引黄灌溉对地下水动态的控制作用较大。②3个灌域的地下水埋深整体均呈增大趋势。各灌域因引黄灌溉量变化和地质条件差异，表现出不同的埋深特征和变化规律。总干渠灌域引黄灌溉量增幅最大，地下水埋深最深，且加深最快。民生渠灌域引黄灌溉量与埋深同步显著增加，埋深相对较小但加深幅度最大，该灌域富水性分区跨度较大，地下水埋深变化较为明显。跃进渠灌域是唯一引黄灌溉量下降的区域，地下水埋深最浅且变化平稳，该灌域富水性一般，径流趋缓，水量递减，地下水系统恢复能力较弱，因此埋深变幅较小。③灌区地下水空间分布总体呈西高东低，东西埋深差超6 m，地下水主要由西向东流动。总干渠灌域埋深范围为4.5~6.5 m，民生渠和跃进渠灌域埋深在1.0~3.0 m之间波动，埋深差与灌域水文地质有关。3个子灌域均是西部埋深大，东部埋深浅。不同灌域恢复进程差异则揭示了不同灌域的水文地质特征。【结论】通过分析镫口扬水灌区2018—2024年地下水埋深数据，发现地下水埋深呈波动增加趋势，且空间上表现为西部埋深大东部埋深小的分布格局，埋深变化受气候、灌溉活动和水文地质等多重因子共同驱动，研究成果不仅丰富了灌区地下水动态的基础资料，更为其水资源的科学管理提供了关键的决策参考。 |
| 关键词: 地下水埋深 动态变化 MK趋势检验 镫口扬水灌区 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2025306 |
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| Spatiotemporal dynamics of groundwater depth in the Dengkouyangshui Irrigation District, Inner Mongolia |
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Meng Xin, Zheng Hexiang, Wang Wanning, Li Xianyue, Ma Ruidong
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1. Institute of Water resources Science of Pasturing Area of the Ministry of Water Resources, Hohhot 010020, China;
2. Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China;
3. Inner Autonomous Region Huanghe Dengkou Irrigation District Management Center, Baotou 014030, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Most arid and semi-arid regions depend heavily on groundwater to support agricultural production, making an understanding of groundwater dynamics and their driving factors essential for sustainable water-resource management. This study analyzed the spatiotemporal variation in groundwater depth and its major influencing factors in the Dengkou Irrigation District, Inner Mongolia, China.【Method】The analysis was based on groundwater and related hydroclimatic and irrigation data collected from 2018 to 2024. The Mann-Kendall trend test and spatial interpolation methods were used to characterize temporal trends and spatial patterns of groundwater depth, respectively, and to examine their relationships with irrigation water diversion, precipitation, and hydrogeological conditions.【Result】①From 2018 to 2024, groundwater depth ranged from 1.7 to 2.8 m and exhibited an annual increasing trend of approximately 0.2 m. Seasonally, surface water diverted from the Yellow River for spring and autumn irrigation accounted for approximately 15% and 40% of the annual irrigation water supply, respectively, and was associated with decreases in groundwater depth of 17% and 14%, respectively. Approximately 70% of annual precipitation occurred during rainy season, contributing to groundwater recharge and a shallower groundwater depth. ②Groundwater depth in all three irrigation sub-districts showed an increasing trend from 2018 to 2024, but the temporal patterns differed because of differences in Yellow River water diversion and hydrogeological conditions. The Main Canal Irrigation District experienced the largest increase in Yellow River water diversion, the deepest groundwater levels, and the fastest increase in groundwater depths. The Minsheng Canal Irrigation District showed a significant synchronous increase in water diversion and groundwater depth, together with relatively shallow groundwater and the steepest increasing trend in groundwater depth. The extensive distribution of water-rich zones contributed to pronounced fluctuations in groundwater depth. The Yuejin Canal Irrigation District was the only sub-district where Yellow River water diversion decreased; it had the shallowest groundwater depth and relatively stable groundwater dynamics. Its moderate groundwater abundance, slower runoff, and declining water diversion were associated with weaker groundwater recovery and smaller fluctuations in groundwater depth. ③Spatially, groundwater depth generally increased from the east to the west. Groundwater depth in the Main Canal Irrigation District ranged from 4.5 to 6.5 m, whereas that in the Minsheng and Yuejin Canal Irrigation Districts ranged from 1 to 3 m. Across all three sub-districts, groundwater was deeper in the west and shallower in the east, reflecting spatial differences in hydrogeological conditions and groundwater recharge and discharge processes.【Conclusion】From 2018 to 2024, groundwater depth in the Dengkou Irrigation District exhibited an overall increasing trend with considerable temporal fluctuations and was greater in the west than in the east. Groundwater dynamics were jointly influenced by precipitation, irrigation practices, Yellow River water diversion, and hydrogeological conditions. These findings provide a basis for improving integrated groundwater and irrigation-water management in the Dengkou Irrigation District and other arid irrigation regions. |
| Key words: groundwater level dynamics change Mann-Kendall trend test Dengkou Irrigation Region |
