| 引用本文: | 孙池涛,冯 棣,于 超,等.滨海盐碱地沟播覆膜植棉技术增产机理研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2021,(6):8-14. |
| SUN Chitao,FENG Di,YU Chao,et al.滨海盐碱地沟播覆膜植棉技术增产机理研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2021,(6):8-14. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】揭示滨海盐碱地沟播覆膜植棉技术增产机理。【方法】在滨海重度盐碱地，研究了平播覆膜（CK）和沟播覆膜（RF）2种植棉模式对棉田土壤水盐分布、棉花成苗率、幼苗生长、根表面积以及产量及其构成的影响。【结果】RF处理较CK可提高0~60 cm土层含水率，2014年和2015年土壤含水率分别提高了3.27%和5.32%。覆膜对RF处理土壤剖面膜下土壤含水率提升、电导率降低及根表面积增加的影响大于CK：棉花生育期内，CK膜下土壤含水率比膜外高了2.67%，电导率低了27.78%；RF处理膜下土壤含水率比膜外高了15.92%，电导率低了34.57%；RF处理根表面积平均比CK增加了35.9%。2014年和2015年RF处理的成苗率相比CK分别提高8.3%和56.6%；单株成铃数分别增加33.9%和63.4%，最终籽棉产量分别增加37.0%和196.4%。【结论】沟播覆膜植棉技术通过改变地表微地形，优化了土壤剖面水盐分布，促进棉花幼苗及根系生长，提高其产量。 |
| 关键词: 滨海盐碱地；棉花；沟播覆膜；水盐分布 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2020725 |
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| Improving Cotton Yield in Coastal Saline-alkali Soils Using Mulching and Ridge-furrow Cultivation |
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SUN Chitao, FENG Di, YU Chao, SUN Jingsheng, ZHANG Junpeng, FENG Guoyi, ZHANG Qian
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1. Key Lab for Crop Water Requirement and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China; 2. College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China; 3. Weifang University of Science and Technology, Weifang 262700, China; 4. Institute of Cotton, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Along with drought, soil salinity is a main abiotic factor limiting crop growth worldwide. Improving cultivation to alleviate salinity stress is an alternative method to safeguard agricultural production in saline soils. The aim of this paper is to investigate the efficacy of using ridge-furrow cultivation coupled with mulching to ameliorate the impact of salinity and improve cotton yield in coastal saline-alkali soils in China.【Method】A two-year experiment was conducted from 2014 to 2015 in a field, with conventional tillage coupled with mulching taken as the control (CK). In each treatment, we measured spatial distributions of soil water and salt, as well as seedling rate, seedling growth, root surface area, cotton yield, and yield traits.【Result】Mulching coupled with ridge-furrow cultivation (RF) increased soil moisture and reduced soil salinity simultaneously at significant level, thereby promoting root surface area and cotton yield, in comparison with CK. During the growth season, water content and electrical conductivity in the soil beneath the mulch in CK was 2.67% higher and 27.78% lower, respectively, than that in the soil outside the mulch. In contrast, the water content and electrical conductivity beneath the mulch in RF was 15.92% higher and 34.57% lower, respectively, than that in the soil outside the mulch. Compared with CK in the two years, RF increased root surface areas by 35.9%, seedling rate by 8.3% and 56.6%, the number of bolls per plant by 33.9% and 63.4%, cotton seed yield by 37.0% and 196.4%, respectively.【Conclusion】Ridge-furrow cultivation coupled with mulching increased soil water and reduced salt content in the root zones because it re-directed water flow in the soil. This boosted the growth of cotton seedlings and roots, increasing its yield as a result. |
| Key words: coastal saline-alkali soil; cotton; ridge-furrow cultivation; soil water-salt distribution |
