| 引用本文: | 宁慧峰,曹振玺,李松敏,等.灌溉处理对膜下滴灌棉花根区水盐分布及
水分利用效率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(8):9-19. |
| NING Huifeng,CAO Zhenxi,LI Songmin,et al.灌溉处理对膜下滴灌棉花根区水盐分布及
水分利用效率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(8):9-19. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】确定南疆盐碱棉田适宜的灌水控制指标。【方法】2018年4—10月在新疆阿拉尔盐碱农田开展了人工控水试验，试验设置2个灌水周期（棉花需水非关键期灌水周期为10 d，棉花需水关键期灌水周期为7 d）和4个灌水水平（灌水定额分别为45.0、37.5、30.0 mm和22.5 mm），花期和蕾期4个灌水梯度分别计为A1、A2、A3和A4，花铃期和吐絮期4个灌水梯度分别计为B1、B2、B3和B4，研究不同处理对棉花根区土壤水盐分布及棉花生长的影响。【结果】各处理灌前0~40 cm土层宽行和窄行土壤含水率在苗期无明显差别，进入蕾期后40 cm以下土层宽行和窄行土壤含水率逐渐出现较大差别；各处理0~40 cm土层土壤盐分在苗期无明显差别，进入花期后各处理盐分差别日趋明显，60~100 cm土层土壤盐分在播种后的前80 d内呈下降势，进入花期之后土壤盐分基本维持在一个相对稳定区间；A1B3处理（蕾期充分供水，花铃期中度亏水）水分利用效率最高（1.42 kg/m3），其籽棉产量为（6 916.2±338.55）kg/hm2，A1B2处理（蕾期充分供水，花铃期轻度亏水）籽棉产量最高（（7 703.85±641.85）kg/hm2），其水分利用效率为1.37 kg/m3。【结论】本试验条件下，蕾期灌水定额45 mm、灌水周期10 d，花铃期和吐絮期灌水定额37.5 mm、灌水周期7 d可作为南疆盐碱农田膜下滴灌棉花适宜的灌溉控制指标。 |
| 关键词: 土壤水分；土壤盐分；水分利用效率；膜下滴灌 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2023522 |
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| Effects of irrigation amount and frequency on soil water and salt dynamics and water use efficiency of mulched drip-irrigated cotton in Southern Xinjiang |
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NING Huifeng, CAO Zhenxi, LI Songmin, SHI Lujian, SHEN Xiaojun,
LI Yong, HAN Qisheng, ZHANG Xianbo, YANG Guang
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1. Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of
Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xinxiang 453002, China;
2. College of Water Conservancy and Architecture Engineering, Tarim University, Alaer 843300, China;
3. College of Water Conservancy Engineering, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, China;
4. College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Cotton is a major economic crop in saline-alkali regions of southern Xinjiang, where soil salinity and water availability affect crop growth and yield. Optimizing irrigation is essential for improving water use efficiency (WUE) and maintaining stable production of cotton in these regions. This paper experimentally studies suitable drip-irrigation strategies for cotton cultivated in saline-alkali soil with plastic film mulch.【Method】A field experiment was conducted from April to August 2018 to evaluate the influence of plant row spacing and irrigation methods on cotton growth. There were four irrigation-amount treatments by irrigating 45, 37.5, 30 and 22.5 mm of water in each irrigation; the irrigation interval was 10 and 7 days. In the experiment, we measured soil water and salt content in the root zone, growth and WUE of the cotton. 【Result】During the first 70 days after sowing, water content in the 0-40 cm soil layer decreased with decreasing irrigation amount. At the seedling stage, soil moisture difference between wide and narrow plant row spacing was negligible, while by the bud stage, water content difference in soil below 40 cm between different row spacings became increasingly pronounced. Soil salt content in the top 0-40 cm soil layer showed minimal variation among treatments during the seedling stage, but significant differences emerged after flowering began. Salt content in the 60-100 cm soil layer steadily declined in the first 80 days post-sowing and then stabilized thereafter. Irrigation 45 mm every 10 days during the bud stage followed by 30 mm every 7 days during the flowering stage achieved the highest WUE of 1.42 kg/m3, with a seed cotton yield of (6 916.2 ± 338.6) kg/hm2. Irrigating 45 mm every 10 days during the bud stage and 37.5 mm every 7 days during the flowering stage yielded the highest seed cotton production of (7 703.9 ± 641.9) kg/hm2, with a WUE of 1.37 kg/m3. 【Conclusion】For cotton cultivated with drip irrigation under plastic film mulch in saline-alkali soils, the optimal irrigation strategy is irrigating 45 mm every 10 days during the bud stage followed by 37.5 mm every 7 days during the flowering stage. This can effectively balance soil moisture and salinity dynamics, while maximizing water use efficiency and seed cotton yield. |
| Key words: soil water content; soil salt content; water use efficiency; drip irrigation under mulch |
