| 引用本文: | 黄文林,邵景安,王 驰,等.西南丘陵山区农田灌溉水有效利用系数
年际变化及其影响因素研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(8):104-113. |
| HUANG Wenlin,SHAO Jing’an,WANG Chi,et al.西南丘陵山区农田灌溉水有效利用系数
年际变化及其影响因素研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(8):104-113. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究西南丘陵山区农田灌溉水有效利用系数的年际变化及其影响因素。【方法】以西南丘陵山区重庆市作为研究区，分析农田灌溉水有效利用系数年际变化，并选取79个样点灌区，采用主成分分析法（PCA）分别从自然因素、资源因素、管理因素以及工程因素共4个因素类型，共计9个影响因子，研究农田灌溉水有效利用系数（η）的主要影响因素。【结果】①由于西南丘陵山区难以实现高效节水灌溉全覆盖，与全国相比，重庆市农田灌溉效率不高，增速较慢且逐渐放缓，但农田灌溉水有效利用系数始终保持正增长，且前期农田灌溉水有效利用系数提升快于后期。空间上，η渝东南＞η渝西＞η主城区＞η渝东北。渝东南片区农田灌溉水有效利用系数年均增速最快，其次是渝西地区，再次为主城区，渝东北片区增速最慢。各片区与重庆市整体的农田灌溉水有效利用系数变化趋势基本保持一致；②对比重庆市同规模不同水源类型灌区，由于管道比渠道输水效率更高，η提水灌区＞η自流引水灌区。近年来自流引水灌区的农田灌溉水有效利用系数年均增速高于提水灌区，自流引水灌区和提水灌区的农田灌溉水有效利用系数差距在逐渐缩小。重庆市中型灌区的管理水平及渠系配套都明显高于小型灌区，故η中型灌区＞η小型灌区。小型灌区的农田灌溉水有效利用系数年均增速高于中型灌区，小型灌区和中型灌区的农田灌溉水有效利用系数差距在逐渐缩小。小型灌区和自流引水灌区有更高的农田灌溉水有效利用系数提升潜力；③PCA分析表明，节水灌溉工程面积和实际灌溉面积对农田灌溉水有效利用系数的主成分荷载较大，且均有较大的正贡献率。【结论】因此，西南丘陵山区应将小型灌区和自流引水灌区作为重点灌区，优化灌区管理水平，合理分配灌溉水量，加强节水灌溉工程建设，有利于加快西南丘陵山区农田灌溉水有效利用系数进一步提升。 |
| 关键词: 农田灌溉；农田灌溉水有效利用系数；灌区；主成分分析；节水灌溉；西南丘陵山区 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2024398 |
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| Inter-annual variation and influencing factors of irrigation water use efficiency in the hilly and mountainous regions in Southwest China |
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HUANG Wenlin, SHAO Jing’an, WANG Chi, SHI Liwei, DAI Xiuying, LI Wei
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1. School of Geography and Tourism, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China; 2. Chongqing Key Laboratory of Surface Process and Ecological Restoration in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing 401331, China; 3. Chongqing Water Resources Bureau, Water Resources Development Research Centre, Chongqing, 401120, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】In the hilly and mountainous regions of Southwest China, improving irrigation efficiency is critical due to their complex terrains. This paper studies the inter-annual variation in irrigation water effective utilization coefficient (IWEUC) in these regions and identifies its main influencing factors.【Method】Taking Chongqing in the region as the study area, inter-annual changes in IWEUC were analyzed using data measured across 79 irrigation districts. Nine influencing factors categorized into four groups: natural conditions, resource availability, management practices and engineering infrastructure were selected in the analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify the dominant factors that influence IWEUC. 【Result】 ① IWEUC in Chongqing is lower than the national average due to the difficulty of implementing efficient irrigation in its mountainous terrains. While IWEUC has been growing over time, the growing rate has slowed in recent years. Spatially, IWEUC ranked from highest to lowest as southeast, west , main city and northeast. ② In irrigation districts with similar sizes, pumping-irrigation areas had higher IWEUC than free-flow irrigation areas, likely due to greater transmission efficiency of water in pipelines. However, free-flow irrigation areas showed faster growth in IWEUC. Medium-sized irrigation districts outperformed small-sized ones in absolute IWEUC, yet the latter demonstrated higher growth potential. ③ PCA results showed that areas with water-saving irrigation projects contributed most positively to IWEUC.【Conclusion】To further enhance irrigation efficiency in the mountainous regions of Southwest China, priority should be given to small-scale and free-flow irrigation districts, which have greater potential for improvement. Efforts should focus on improving irrigation management, optimizing water allocation, and expanding water-saving infrastructure, to enhance sustainable agricultural water use in these regions. |
| Key words: agricultural irrigation; irrigation water effective utilization coefficient; irrigation districts; principal component analysis; water-saving irrigation; the hilly and mountainous region of Southwest China |
