| 引用本文: | 陈 寒,南运有,董勇杰,等.不同施氮量下玉米氮素利用对间作豆科绿肥的响应[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(9):37-48. |
| CHEN Han,NAN Yunyou,DONG Yongjie,et al.不同施氮量下玉米氮素利用对间作豆科绿肥的响应[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(9):37-48. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】明确不同施氮量下间作豆科绿肥对玉米氮素利用的影响，为玉米节氮绿色生产提供理论支撑和实践依据。【方法】运采用裂区试验设计，主区设置玉米与箭筈豌豆间作（M||V）以及玉米单作（SM）；裂区为地方推荐施氮量360 kg/hm2（N360）、减量25%的施氮量270 kg/hm2（N270）、减量50%的施氮量180 kg/hm2（N180）、减量75%的施氮量90 kg/hm2（N90），以及不施氮处理（N0）5个施氮水平。测定播前及玉米收获时土壤硝态氮和铵态氮，结合玉米产量、氮素积累分配、氮肥利用率和氮肥偏生产力，分析玉米氮素利用对间作豆科绿肥的响应。【结果】间作豆科绿肥能够显著提高玉米带播前和玉米收获时0~40 cm土壤硝态氮和铵态氮，并使间作玉米带硝态氮和铵态氮在N270处理与N360处理之间无显著差异。间作豆科绿肥使玉米干物质积累量、氮素积累量和籽粒氮素分配比率分别较单作玉米提高5.8%、9.1%和6.2%，使间作玉米干物质和氮素积累量在N270处理与N360处理之间无显著差异。在减量施氮条件下，间作豆科绿肥显著提高了玉米籽粒产量、氮肥利用率和氮肥偏生产力，M||VN270处理的籽粒产量与M||VN360处理之间无显著差异，而显著大于SMN360处理，M||VN270处理的氮肥利用率和氮肥偏生产力均显著大于M||VN360处理和SMN360处理。【结论】在氮肥减量25%条件下，间作豆科绿肥能够提高玉米氮素积累量并保障玉米不减产，最终提高氮肥利用率和氮肥偏生产力，可作为干旱灌区玉米节氮绿色生产技术的参考。 |
| 关键词: 减量施肥；氮素利用；籽粒产量；间作绿肥；玉米 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2025024 |
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| Effects of intercropped leguminous green manure on maize nitrogen use of maize under different nitrogen fertilizations |
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CHEN Han, NAN Yunyou, DONG Yongjie, WANG Xiaoli, SHAO Juan,
ZHANG Huanhuan, FAN Zhilong, CHAI Qiang, YIN Wen, HU Falong
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1. State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, China;
2. College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Excessive use of nitrogen fertilizers in maize production has led to environmental problems. Intercropping with leguminous green manure has been proposed as a sustainable agricultural practice that can improve soil nitrogen availability and crop nitrogen use efficiency. This study investigates the effect of intercropping leguminous green manure on nitrogen use of maize under different nitrogen application rates.【Method】A split-plot experimental design was used, with the main plots consisting of maize intercropped with common vetch (M||V) and sole maize cropping (SM). For cropping system, there were five nitrogen fertilizations: applying 360 (local practice, N360)), 270 (N270), 180 (N180) and 90 kg/hm2 (N90) of nitrogen fertilizer. No nitrogen fertilization was the control (N0). During the experiment, we measured soil nitrate and ammonium before sowing and at the harvest. We evaluated grain yield, nitrogen accumulation and allocation, nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency, and partial factor productivity to analyze the impact of intercropping with leguminous green manure on nitrogen use by the maize.【Result】Before sowing and at maize harvest, intercropping with leguminous green manure increased nitrate and ammonium concentrations in the 0-40 cm soil, with no significant difference between N270 and N360 in the intercropped maize belt. Compared with monocropped maize, intercropped with leguminous green manure increased dry matter accumulation, nitrogen accumulation and seed nitrogen allocation ratio by 5.8%, 9.1% and 6.2%, respectively. Dry matter and nitrogen accumulation of the intercropped maize in N270 and N360 were comparable. Intercropping significantly enhanced grain yield, nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency, and partial factor productivity after reducing nitrogen fertilization. Grain yield under M||V and N270 was not significantly different from that under M||V and N360 but was significantly higher than the monocropped maize in N360. Nitrogen utilization and partial productivity in M||V and N270 were significantly greater than those under both M||V and N360, and the monocropped maize in N360.【Conclusion】Intercropping leguminous green manure with maize with a 25% reduction in nitrogen fertilization improves nitrogen accumulation without compromising grain yield; it also improves nitrogen use efficiency and partial productivity. |
| Key words: reduced fertilization; nitrogen utilization; grain yield; intercropped green manure; maize |
