| 引用本文: | 董思琼,田军仓,沈 晖,等.再生水滴灌对辣椒产量和品质的影响及安全性综合评价[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(9):49-58. |
| DONG Siqiong,TIAN Juncang,SHEN Hui,et al.再生水滴灌对辣椒产量和品质的影响及安全性综合评价[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(9):49-58. |
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| 再生水滴灌对辣椒产量和品质的影响及安全性综合评价 |
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董思琼，田军仓，沈 晖，闫新房，欧阳赞
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1.宁夏大学 土木与水利工程学院，银川750021；2.宁夏节水灌溉与水资源调控工程技术研究中心，
银川 750021；3.旱区现代农业水资源高效利用教育部工程研究中心，银川 750021；
4.湖南农业大学 水利与土木工程学院，长沙 410128
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究再生水滴灌条件下灌溉定额对辣椒产量、品质和安全性的影响及综合评价。【方法】于2020年在中卫市宁夏水投中卫水务有限公司再生水灌溉示范基地开展辣椒田间试验，采用二因素三水平随机区组设计，设置S1（自来水）、S2（混合水（再生水∶自来水=1∶1））、S3（再生水）3个灌溉水质，设置W1（2 040 m3/hm2）、W2（2 820 m3/hm2）、W3（3 600 m3/hm2）3个灌溉定额，共计9个处理，探究灌溉水质和灌溉定额对滴灌辣椒生长生理、产量、品质及安全性的影响，并采用主成分分析法进行综合评价。【结果】在灌溉定额相同条件下，不同灌溉水质辣椒株高、茎粗、净光合速率、产量、WUE、IWUE、维生素C量、可溶性糖量、辣椒素量、硝酸盐量、含As量、细菌总数、大肠菌群量和大肠埃希氏菌量排序均表现为S3水平＞S2水平＞S1水平，可溶性蛋白量表现为S3水平＞S1水平＞S2水平；再生水灌溉下，随着灌溉定额的增加，辣椒株高、茎粗、净光合速率、产量、含As量、细菌总数、大肠菌群量和大肠埃希氏菌量均逐渐增加，WUE、维生素C量、可溶性蛋白量和辣椒素量先升高后降低，IWUE、可溶性糖量和硝酸盐量逐步降低。各处理果实中均未检测出Pb、Cr和沙门氏菌，含As量介于0.011 5~0.024 2 mg/kg，满足《食品安全国家标准 食品中污染物限量》（GB2762—2022）要求，再生水灌溉未明显引起辣椒果实中As和大肠埃希氏菌量的累积，但显著增加了细菌总数。主成分分析（PCA）结果表明，S3W2处理（再生水灌溉，灌溉定额为2 820 m3/hm2）综合得分最高，为最优处理。【结论】当生育期降水量为174.30 mm时，单季采用再生水滴灌、灌溉定额为2 820 m3/hm2时辣椒生长良好、产量高、品质好。 |
| 关键词: 再生水；滴灌；辣椒；用水效率；主成分分析；重金属；致病菌 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2025042 |
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| Impact of drip irrigation with reclaimed water on yield and quality of pepper |
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DONG Siqiong, TIAN Juncang, SHEN Hui, YAN Xinfang, OUYANG Zan
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1. School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; 2. Engineering Technology Research Center of Water-Saving and Water Resource Regulation in Ningxia, Yinchuan 750021, China; 3. Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Modern Agricultural Water Resources in Arid Regions, Ministry of Education, Yinchuan 750021, China;
4. College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】With increasing water scarcity and the need for sustainable agriculture, reclaimed water has been increasingly used for irrigation. However, concerns remain about its effects on crop growth, yield, quality, and food safety. This paper experimentally investigates these effects. 【Method】A field experiment was conducted in 2020 in a pepper field at an experimental site managed by the Ningxia ShuiTou Zhongwei Water Co., Ltd in Zhongwei City. There were three irrigation-water treatments: irrigation using tap water (S1), irrigation using a 1∶1 mixture of reclaimed water and tap water (S2), and irrigation using reclaimed water (S3). Each irrigation-water treatment had three irrigation amount treatments: 2 040 m3/hm2 (W1), 2 820 m3/hm2 (W2) and 3 600 m3/hm2 (W3). During the experiment, we measured the growth, physiological traits, yield and quality of the pepper. The experimental results were evaluated using the principal component analysis method.【Result】When irrigation amount was the same, plant height, stem thickness, net photosynthetic rate, yield, water use efficiency (WUE), irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE), vitamin C, soluble sugar, capsaicin, nitrate, arsenic (As), total bacterial count, coliforms, and E. coli content ranked in the order of S3＞S2＞S1; the soluble protein content ranked in the order of S3＞S1＞S2. Using reclaimed water, increasing irrigation amount increased plant height, stem thickness, photosynthetic rate, yield, As, total bacterial count, coliforms, and E. coli. With increasing irrigation amount, WUE, vitamin C, soluble protein and capsaicin initially increased and then declined, whereas IWUE, soluble sugar, and nitrate decreased gradually. Lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), and Salmonella were not detected in the fruit; Arsenic content ranged from 0.011 5 to 0.024 2 mg/kg, within the limits in the National Food Safety Standard for Pollutants (GB2762—2022). PCA analysis indicated that the S3W2 treatment gave the highest composite score, making it the optimal irrigation strategy.【Conclusion】With a precipitation of 174.30 mm during reproductive period of the pepper in the study region, drip irrigation using reclaimed water with irrigation amount of 2 820 m3/hm2 is optimal for growth, yield and quality of pepper in the experiment. |
| Key words: reclaimed water; drip irrigation; pepper; water use efficiency; principal component analysis; heavy metal; pathogenic bacteria |
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