| 引用本文: | 王 华,田雨雨,荆 锐,等.暗管排水协同施加生物炭对黄河三角洲滨海
盐碱地土壤及向日葵生长的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(9):59-67. |
| WANG Hua,TIAN Yuyu,JING Rui,et al.暗管排水协同施加生物炭对黄河三角洲滨海
盐碱地土壤及向日葵生长的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(9):59-67. |
|
| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究不同暗管间距结合生物炭对滨海盐碱地土壤理化特性和向日葵生长、产量和品质的影响。【方法】以向日葵为研究对象，采用田间试验的方法，设置暗管间距（10、20、30 m）和生物炭（不添加生物炭、添加30 t/hm2生物炭）2个试验因素，分析了暗管排水条件下施加生物炭对土壤含水率、pH值等的影响，探讨了向日葵生长、产量和品质对暗管排水协同施加生物炭的响应机制。【结果】暗管排水条件下，施加生物炭能够显著降低土壤含水率，并提高土壤pH值。30 m暗管间距的添加和不添加生物炭处理在向日葵开花期显著降低土壤含水率，较CK（无添加生物炭无暗管铺设）分别降低6.82%和16.57%；30 m暗管间距+生物炭处理显著提高土壤pH值。在向日葵现蕾期和开花期，30 m暗管间距的添加和不添加生物炭处理下的向日葵株高显著高于CK；在开花期和成熟期，暗管间距一定时，添加生物炭显著增加了向日葵的株高和茎粗。与单独暗管排水处理相比，添加生物炭处理的向日葵单盘籽粒质量和产量分别提高了10.46%、19.36%和11.45%、19.35%；30 m暗管间距+生物炭处理下，向日葵籽仁脂肪量和亚油酸量显著高于CK和30 m暗管间距处理。【结论】暗管排水协同施加生物炭能够显著改善滨海盐碱地的土壤理化特性，促进向日葵的生长，提高向日葵的产量和品质。这一研究结果为盐碱地改良和向日葵的高产种植提供了新的思路和方法。 |
| 关键词: 暗管排水；生物炭；土壤；向日葵生长；产量和品质 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2025026 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目: |
|
| Effects of subsurface drainage and biochar application sunflower growth in coastal saline-alkali soils of the Yellow River Delta |
|
WANG Hua, TIAN Yuyu, JING Rui, ZHAO Qingqing
|
|
1. Henan Haihe River Basin Water Resources Affairs Center, Xinxiang 453002, China;
2. College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;
3. Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China
|
| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Soil salinization and waterlogging are critical challenges to crop productivity and sustainable agriculture. This study examines the effects of subsurface drainage and biochar application on soil properties and crop growth in coastal saline-alkali soils in the Yellow River Delta.【Method】The field experiment was conducted using sunflower as the model plant. The spacing of the subsurface drain varied from 10 m to 30 m, each having two biochar applications: 0 and 30 t/hm2. During the experiment, we measured soil moisture content and pH, and evaluated how biochar application and drain spacing combined to influence growth, yield components and seed quality of the sunflower.【Result】① Biochar application significantly reduced soil moisture content and increased soil pH. At the flowering stage, the treatment with drain spacing of 30 m reduced soil moisture by 6.82% with biochar application and 16.57% without biochar, compared to the control without drainage and biochar application. ② During the budding and flowering stages, plant height in the treatment with drain spacing of 30 m was significantly higher than that in the control, regardless of biochar applications. At the flowering and maturity stages, biochar addition further increased plant height and stem diameter. Compared to the treatment without biochar application, biochar addition increased single-head grain weight and yield by 10.46%-19.36% and 11.45%-19.35%, respectively. Our results show that 30 m drain spacing combined with biochar application significantly enhanced kernel fat and linoleic acid contents, compared to the control and without biochar.【Conclusion】Subsurface drainage combined with biochar application significantly improves the physicochemical properties of coastal saline-alkali soils, promotes sunflower growth, and enhances yield and quality. This combination can be used as an improved agronomic practice for amelioration of saline-alkali soils and improving crop productivity in coastal regions. |
| Key words: subsurface drainage; biochar; soil; sunflower growth; yield and quality |
