| 引用本文: | 杨梅霞,于守超,周晨莉,等.绿洲色素万寿菊光合生理特性及产量对水氮调控的响应[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(9):68-74. |
| YANG Meixia,YU Shouchao,ZHOU Chenli,et al.绿洲色素万寿菊光合生理特性及产量对水氮调控的响应[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(9):68-74. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究不同水氮调控对绿洲膜下滴灌色素万寿菊光合特性及产量的影响。【方法】于2024年5—9月在甘肃省民乐县益民灌溉试验站开展膜下滴灌色素万寿菊水氮调控大田试验，分别在苗期、现蕾期、初花期和盛花期设置中度亏水（W1，55%~65%的田间持水率FC）、轻度亏水（W2，65%FC~75%FC）和充分灌溉（W3，75%FC~85%FC）共3个灌溉水平，设置4个施氮水平：低氮（N1，120 kg/hm2）、中氮（N2，180 kg/hm2）和高氮（N3，240 kg/hm2），并以充分灌溉（W3，75%FC~85%FC）和当地施氮水平（300 kg/hm2）作为对照，测定色素万寿菊各生育期净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）与蒸腾速率（Tr）等相关指标及3茬产量与总产量，分析水氮调控对色素万寿菊光合特性及产量的影响。【结果】与CK相比，不同生育时期的水氮组合均会显著（P＜0.05）影响色素万寿菊叶片的净光合速率（Pn）、胞间CO2摩尔分数（Ci）、蒸腾速率（Tr）和气孔导度（Gs）。4个生育时期的光合指标都会随着施氮量的增加呈先增加后减小的变化趋势，在中氮水平下达到最高。色素万寿菊第2茬产量最高，最高处理为W3N2（16.26 t/hm2）；第3茬产量最低，最低处理为W1N1（7.67 t/hm2）。施氮量对色素万寿菊产量均有显著影响（P＜0.05），中氮水平色素万寿菊总产量较低氮水平、高氮水平分别增加32.21%、22.76%。基于TOPSIS综合评价法分析，充分灌溉与中氮水平处理（W3N2）的综合得分最高。【结论】因此，灌水量为75%FC~85%FC+施氮量为180 kg/hm2的处理推荐为色素万寿菊最佳水氮调控策略。 |
| 关键词: 水氮调控；光合作用；产量；综合评价；色素万寿菊 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2025082 |
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| Effects of water and nitrogen regulation on photosynthesis andyield of pigmented marigolds |
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YANG Meixia, YU Shouchao, ZHOU Chenli, ZHANG Hengjia
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1. College of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
2. College of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Pigmented marigold (Tagetes erecta) is widely cultivated for its rich natural pigment content. In arid and semi-arid regions such as the oasis zones of Northwestern China, optimizing water and nitrogen management is critical to improving photosynthetic efficiency and yield of pigmented marigold. This paper studies the effects of various irrigation methods and nitrogen fertilizations on photosynthesis and yield of pigmented marigold under drip irrigation.【Method】An experiment was conducted from May to September 2024 at the Yimin Irrigation Experimental Station in Minle County, Gansu Province. Irrigation treatments were to keep soil moisture at key crop growth during stages - seedling, bud, early flowering and full flowering - 55%-65% (W1), 65%-75% (W2) and 75%-85% (W3) of the field capacity. Each irrigation treatment had three fertilizations by applying 120 (N1), 180 (N2) and 240 kg/hm2 (N3) of nitrogen fertilizer. The control is sufficient irrigation and local fertilization that applies 300 kg/hm2 of nitrogen fertilizer (CK). In the experiment, we measured net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and transpiration rate (Tr) during reproductive stage of the crop, as well as the crop yield. The TOPSIS method was used to optimize irrigation and fertilization.【Result】Irrigation and nitrogen application significantly affected all measured photosynthetic traits (P＜0.05). Photosynthetic efficiency increased with nitrogen application up to a moderate level and then declined when nitrogen application exceeded the optimal threshold. Yield varied significantly among treatments. The second crop of pigment marigold had the highest yield, with the highest-yielding treatment being W3N2 (16.26 t/hm2); the third crop had the lowest yield, and the lowest-yielding treatment was W1N1 (7.67 t/hm2). Moderate nitrogen application (N2) increased yield by 32.21% and 22.76%, compared to low (N1) and high (N3) nitrogen application, respectively. TOPSIS analysis showed W3N2 as the optimal irrigation-fertilization combination. 【Conclusion】Maintaining soil moisture at 75%-85% of the field capacity combined with a nitrogen application of 180 kg/hm2 (W3N2) is optimal for maximizing photosynthetic efficiency and yield of pigmented marigold under drip irrigation in oasis regions of Northwestern China. |
| Key words: water-nitrogen regulation; photosynthesis; yield; comprehensive evaluation; pigmented marigolds |
