| 引用本文: | 方大伟,梁 斌,周伟伟,等.智能精准水肥管控对莴笋产量、品质与水肥利用的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(9):75-81. |
| FANG Dawei,LIANG Bin,ZHOU Weiwei,et al.智能精准水肥管控对莴笋产量、品质与水肥利用的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(9):75-81. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究智能精准水肥管控对洱海流域莴笋养分高效利用与高产优质的应用效果。【方法】基于原位监测的智能化装置，明确灌溉与养分处理对莴笋产量、品质与水肥利用的影响。灌溉处理包括维持田间持水率的60%~95%（传统灌溉）与70%~75%（精准灌溉），施肥处理包括传统施肥与减量施肥。【结果】与传统灌溉相比，精准灌溉处理灌溉施肥频率提升40~41次，单季灌溉量降低21%，莴笋产量提高18%，水分利用效率显著提高49%，氮素损失量降低30%。与传统施肥相比，减量施肥N和P2O5的施用量降低29%和61%。在精准灌溉条件下，与传统施肥相比，减量施肥对产量无显著影响，干物质积累量、N和P利用率分别显著提高9%、55%、190%。精准灌溉+减量施肥处理莴笋产量、N和P利用率、水分利用效率较传统灌溉施肥处理显著提高12%、60%和201%、42%，莴笋硝酸盐量和氮素表观损失量显著降低19%和53%。【结论】基于土壤墒情维持田间持水率70%~75%的精准灌溉+减量施肥模式可实现“少量多次”的灌溉施肥，从而大幅度降低水肥投入，显著提高水肥利用效率，促进洱海流域莴笋产量增收、品质改善且有利于环境健康。 |
| 关键词: 水肥耦合；田间持水率；灌溉；土壤养分 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2024412 |
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| Effects of precision water and fertilizer management on yield, quality and resource use efficiency of asparagus lettuce |
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FANG Dawei, LIANG Bin, ZHOU Weiwei, LYU Haofeng, LU Qilin, CONG Wenfeng
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1. College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China;
2. College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China;
3. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development,
State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
4. Erhai Basin Academy of Agricultural Green Development Research, Dali 671000, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Asparagus lettuce is widely cultivated in the Erhai Lake Basin. Based on a field experiment, this paper investigates the effects of precision water and fertilizer management on resource use efficiency, yield, and quality of the lettuce.【Method】The field experiment compared two irrigation methods: traditional irrigation that maintained soil moisture at 60%-95% of the field capacity, and precision irrigation that maintained soil moisture at 70%-75% of the field capacity. Each irrigation treatment was paired with a conventional fertilization (local practice) and a reduced fertilization. An intelligent in situ monitoring system was used to evaluate yield, quality, and resource use efficiency of the crop.【Result】Compared to traditional irrigation, precision irrigation increased the frequency of irrigation and fertilization by 40 and 41 events, respectively, reduced total irrigation amount by 21%, increased lettuce yield and water use efficiency by 18% and 49% respectively, and reduced nitrogen loss by 30%. Compared to conventional fertilization, reduced fertilization reduced nitrogen and phosphorus pentoxide application by 29% and 61%, respectively, without significantly affecting yield; it also increased dry matter accumulation and improved nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiency by 9%, 55% and 190%, respectively. Compared to the conventional approach, combining precision irrigation with reduced fertilization increased yield, nitrogen use efficiency, phosphorus use efficiency, and water use efficiency by 12%, 60%, 201%, and 42%, respectively; it also reduced nitrate content in the lettuce and nitrogen loss w by 19% and 53%, respectively.【Conclusion】Precision irrigation combined with reduced fertilization effectively reduces water and fertilizer inputs while enhancing resource use efficiency, yield, and quality of asparagus lettuce. It offers a promising agronomic practice for sustainable asparagus lettuce production in the Erhai Lake Basin. |
| Key words: water-fertilizer coupling; field water holding capacity; irrigation; soil nutrients |
