| 引用本文: | 王思宇,孙雪梅,陈 末.基于不同灌溉模式的土壤氮素赋存及转化研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(10):56-66. |
| WANG Siyu,SUN Xuemei,CHEN Mo.基于不同灌溉模式的土壤氮素赋存及转化研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(10):56-66. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】深入探讨不同灌溉模式对稻田土壤氮素赋存和转化的影响机制及其与水稻生长和环境效应的关联。【方法】通过综合分析相关研究成果，阐述了浅水灌溉（QS）、浅水灌溉＋80%土壤饱和含水率（QSG）和深水灌溉＋80%土壤饱和含水率（SSG）3种灌溉模式下，不同生育期不同土层深度铵态氮（NH4+-N）、硝态氮（NO3--N）和碱解氮（AN）的赋存情况，施肥后1、3、5、7 d不同土层深度NH4+-N、NO3--N和AN的转化情况以及这些变化对水稻产量形成方面的作用，为优化稻田灌溉管理、实现水稻可持续生产提供科学依据。【结果】3种灌溉方式下的氮素表现均随着生育期的进行而下降，随着土层深度增加而下降，控制灌水下限显著提高0~20 cm土层NH4+-N、NO3--N和AN的量，其中，0~10 cm土层NH4+-N的量QSG模式比QS模式和SSG模式高13.91%~133.26%、0~10 cm土层NO3-N的量QSG模式比QS模式和SSG模式高出26.11%~273.75%、0~10 cm土层AN的量QSG模式比QS模式和SSG模式高2.8%~13.9%。在施入黄腐殖酸生物有机肥后1 d提高表层土壤NH4+-N量，随后NH4+-N向下淋失并进行硝化作用使NO3--N量增高，AN随着土壤整体氮素状况的变化，持续提供氮源。【结论】浅水灌溉结合80%土壤饱和含水率（QSG模式）为最优模式。降低灌水上限和控制灌水下限促进氮素的积累，及时监测土壤中的各种氮素形式，有助于优化施肥管理和提高作物产量的可持续性。 |
| 关键词: 硝态氮；铵态氮；碱解氮；水稻灌溉模式 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2025007 |
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| Effects of different irrigation methods on dynamics and transformation of nitrogen in paddy fields |
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WANG Siyu, SUN Xuemei, CHEN Mo
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1. School of Hydraulic and Electric-Power, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China;
2. Heilongjiang Province Hydraulic Research Institute, Harbin 150080, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Efficient irrigation management is critical for optimizing soil nitrogen dynamics and its uptake by rice in paddy fields. This paper investigates the effects of irrigation methods on the dynamics of ammonium nitrogen (NH4?-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) and alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen (AN) across the soil profiles, in attempts to provide an optimal irrigation strategy to sustain rice production in paddy fields.【Method】The field experiment compared three irrigation methods: shallow irrigation (QS) keeping a thin water layer on the soil surface; shallow irrigation with the root-zone soil water content being controlled at 80% of saturated water content (QSG), and deep irrigation keeping a deep water layer on the soil surface with the root-zone soil water content controlled at 80% of saturated water content (SSG). During the experiment, we measured the contents and transformation of NH4+-N, NO3--N and AN at different growing stages along the soil profile. Further measurements were made 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after nitrogen fertilization.【Result】Nitrogen content decreased as crop grew and soil deepened in all three irrigation methods. Compared with other treatments, QSG significantly increased NH4+-N, NO3--N, and AN in the 0-20 cm soil layer. Compared with QS and SSG, QSG increased the contents of NH4+-N, NO3--N and AN in the 0-10 cm soil layer by 13.91%-133.26%, 26.11%-273.75% and 2.8%-13.9%, respectively. Applying yellow humic acid significantly increased NH4+-N in the topsoil initially. However, the subsequent leaching of NH4+-N increased NO3--N content in the subsoil. The change in AN in nitrogen transformation provides a nitrogen source to the crop.【Conclusion】Shallow irrigation combined with the root-zone soil water content controlled at 80% of the saturated water content is the optimal irrigation strategy for paddy fields. Controlling the upper and lower irrigation limits can increase nitrogen retention. This will help optimize fertilizer management, sustainably improve rice yield in paddy fields. |
| Key words: nitrate nitrogen; ammonium nitrogen; alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen; rice irrigation patterns |
