| 引用本文: | 邵 娟,南运有,李 越,等.减量施氮下玉米间作鲜食豌豆水分利用特征对
施用生物炭的响应[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(10):67-77. |
| SHAO Juan,NAN Yunyou,LI Yue,et al.减量施氮下玉米间作鲜食豌豆水分利用特征对
施用生物炭的响应[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(10):67-77. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】针对干旱绿洲灌区玉米生产过程中，过度依赖氮肥、水分利用效率（WUE）欠佳等状况，探究减量施氮下间作鲜食豌豆配合生物炭对玉米水分利用特征的影响，为节氮与水分增效型作物生产提供理论依据。【方法】于2022—2023年进行裂区试验，主区为玉米间作鲜食豌豆（M||P）、单作玉米（SM）和单作鲜食豌豆（SP），裂区为地方习惯施氮量（N1，360 kg/hm2）、减量施氮30%（N2，250 kg/hm2），亚区为施用生物炭（C）和不施用生物炭（A），探究不同处理下玉米水分利用特征以及对产量的影响。【结果】在减量施氮30%的处理下，间作鲜食豌豆施加生物炭能够使玉米带维持较高的土壤含水率，并且相较于其他处理显著降低了耗水量，提高了玉米水分利用效率。其中M||PN2C处理的土壤含水率在豌豆收获期、玉米收获期较SMN1A分别提高20.1%和16.7%，水分利用效率提高29.3%。M||PN2C处理下的玉米籽粒产量较M||PN1A处理提高6.4%，较SMN1A处理提高17.6%，且与M||PN1C处理无显著差异。施加生物炭可有效改善土壤含水率，降低耗水量，提高玉米水分利用效率。【结论】施氮250 kg/hm2（减量施氮30%）施用生物炭措施能够显著提高玉米间作鲜食豌豆的产量及水分利用效率，可作为干旱绿洲灌区玉米节氮及水分高效利用技术的参考。 |
| 关键词: 生物炭；间作鲜食豌豆；减量施氮；水分利用特征；玉米 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2025027 |
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| 基金项目: |
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| Effect of biochar application and reduced nitrogen fertilization on water use of maize-garden pea intercropping system |
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SHAO Juan, NAN Yunyou, LI Yue, WANG Xiaoli, CHEN Han, ZHANG Huanhuan,
FAN Zhilong, CHAI Qiang, YIN Wen, HU Falong
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1. State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, China;
2. College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer and low water use efficiency are major challenges facing maize production in irrigated areas in arid oases in Northwestern China. This paper investigates the feasibility of intercropping maize with garden pea and soil amendment with biochar to reduce nitrogen fertilizer application and improve water use efficiency, without compromising crop yield.【Method】The field experiment was conducted during 2022—2023. There were three cropping systems: maize -garden pea intercropping (M||P), maize monocropping (SM), and garden pea monocropping (SP). For each cropping system, there were two nitrogen fertilizations: conventional fertilization by applying 360 kg/hm2 of nitrogen fertilizer (N1), and reducing nitrogen fertilizer application to 250 kg/hm2 (N2). For nitrogen treatment, there was a biochar application treatment (C) and a no biochar application treatment (A). During the experiment, we measured soil water content, water consumption, water use efficiency (WUE), and crop yields.【Result】Compared with other treatments, reducing nitrogen combined with intercropping maize and biochar amendment (M||P+N2+C) can maintain soil water content in the maize zone, reduce water consumption, and improve WUE. Specifically, compared to SM+N1+A, M||P+N2+C increased soil moisture content in the garden pea and maize zones by 20.1% and 16.7%, respectively, at the harvest stage, and increased WUE by 29.3%. Compared to M||P+N1+A and SM+N1+A, M||P+N2+C increased the grain yield of maize by 6.4% and 17.6%, respectively. Our results show that biochar application effectively increased soil water retention, reduced water use, and improved both yield and WUE of maize intercropped with garden pea, after reducing nitrogen fertilization.【Conclusion】Reducing nitrogen application from 360 to 250 kg/hm2 combined with a biochar application and maize-garden pea intercropping significantly improved soil water retention, water use efficiency, and crop yield. It provides an improved agronomic practice to reduce nitrogen fertilizer and improve water use efficiency of irrigated maize production in arid oases of Southwestern China. |
| Key words: biochar; intercropping fresh peas; nitrogen reduction; water use characteristics; maize |
