| 引用本文: | 谭军利,尚 倩,杨宗凯,等.微咸水滴灌技术参数对压砂地土壤
水盐分布及西瓜产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(12):9-19. |
| TAN Junli,SHANG Qian,YANG Zongkai,et al.微咸水滴灌技术参数对压砂地土壤
水盐分布及西瓜产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(12):9-19. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究微咸水滴灌下滴头流量和灌水定额对压砂地土壤水盐分布以及西瓜生长、产量及品质的影响，为压砂地西瓜种植过程中微咸水合理利用提供理论依据。【方法】进行田间试验，设置3个滴头流量Q1（2 L/h）、Q2（3 L/h）、Q3（4 L/h），3个灌水定额W1（112 m3/hm2）、W2（224 m3/hm2）、W3（336 m3/hm2），两因素三水平完全随机试验，研究滴头流量与灌水定额对第一次灌水后和收获后土壤水盐分布、西瓜生长指标、产量与品质的影响。【结果】压砂地0~100 cm深度土壤含水率随灌水定额增加而增加，相同灌水定额下0~40 cm深度土壤含水率随滴头流量增大而呈降低趋势；在距滴头水平距离0~30 cm、深度0~100 cm范围内相同灌水定额下，土壤电导率随滴头流量增加而升高，同一滴头流量下随灌水定额增加而降低。西瓜全生育期微咸水滴灌，除W3Q2、W3Q3处理有积盐现象外，其他处理0~100 cm土层整体处于脱盐状态。W2Q2、W3Q2处理西瓜产量较W1Q1处理分别提高了74.7%和72.1%，并改善了西瓜果实品质，获得较高的灌溉水利用效率。结构方程模型分析表明，微咸水滴灌灌水定额与滴头流量通过直接影响土壤水盐分布从而间接影响西瓜的生长指标、产量以及西瓜果实的可溶性糖量、滴定酸量以及糖酸比。【结论】综合考虑土壤水盐分布、土壤盐分平衡、西瓜生长、产量与品质等，灌水定额为224 m3/hm2、滴头流量为3 L/h是适合压砂地西瓜微咸水滴灌的技术参数。 |
| 关键词: 微咸水；滴灌；滴头流量；灌水定额；水盐分布；西瓜 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2025228 |
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| Effects of drip irrigation parameters with brackish water on soil water-salt distribution and watermelon yield in gravel-sand mulched field |
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TAN Junli, SHANG Qian, YANG Zongkai, HAN Gengzhe, XUE Xu,
TIAN Haimei, WANG Yuemei, WANG Xina
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1. School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; 2. Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Water Resources in Modern Agriculture in Arid Regions, Ministry of Education, Yinchuan 750021, China;
3. School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Optimal drip irrigation parameters using brackish water is important for crops grown in gravel-sand mulched fields but is currently lacking, limiting the rational use of brackish water resources. This paper presents the results of a field experiment that investigated the effects of emitting rate and irrigation amount on soil water-salt distribution, as well as growth, fruit yield and quality of watermelon in such soils. 【Method】The experiment was conducted in a watermelon field. It involves three emitting rates: 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 L/h, and three irrigation amounts: 112, 224 and 336 m3/hm2. During the experiment, we measured the spatiotemporal distribution of soil water and salt, growth indexes, yield and fruit quality of the watermelon.【Result】①Soil water content in the 0-100 cm soil profile increased with irrigation amount. When the irrigation amount was the same, soil water content in the 0-40 cm soil profile decreased as emitting rate increased. ②Within 0-30 cm horizontally from the emitter and 0-100 cm soil depth, soil electrical conductivity increased with increasing emitting rate, while decreasing with increasing irrigation amount. ③At the end of first growing season, most treatments resulted in soil desalination in the 0-100 cm soil layer, except the combinations of 336 m3/hm2 + 3.0 L/h emitting rate and 336 m3/hm2 + 4.0 L/h emitting rate, which that led to a salt accumulation in the 0-100 cm soil. ④Combinations of 224 m3/hm2 irrigation amount + 3.0 L/h emitting rate and 336 m3/hm2 + 3.0 L/h emitting rate improved growth and fruit yield of the watermelon by 74.7% and 72.1%, respectively, compared to that in the 112 m3/hm2 + 2.0 L/h treatment; it also improved fruit quality and irrigation water use efficiency. ⑤Structural equation analysis showed that the drip irrigation parameters indirectly affected growth, yield and fruit quality of watermelon, through directly regulating soil water and salt redistribution in the soil profile.【Conclusion】Considering soil water-salt distribution, soil salt balance, growth, yield and fruit quality of the watermelon, the optimal parameters for drip irrigation using brackish water in gravel-sand mulched fields are an irrigation amount of 224 m3/hm2 combined with an emitting rate of 3.0 L/h. |
| Key words: brackish water; drip irrigation; emitter rate; irrigation quota; water-salt distribution; watermelon |
