| 摘要: |
| 【目的】膜下滴灌技术在河套灌区已有应用，但是该技术下作物全生育期的养分吸收特征和生长影响规律还不清晰，而量化膜下滴灌技术下作物生长状态、吸氮规律和增产增效潜力是制定合理水肥制度的关键。【方法】2021—2023年在内蒙古自治区巴彦淖尔市开展田间试验，通过全生育期动态监测，分析膜下滴灌和覆膜地面灌溉2种灌溉方式下春玉米生长指标、养分吸收、产量构成及水肥利用效率的变化规律。【结果】与地面灌溉相比，膜下滴灌处理抽穗期株高、茎粗、叶面积指数和成熟期地上干物质显著增加了3.90%、18.00%、13.03%和5.05%；膜下滴灌百粒质量增加17.87%，实现增产11.72%；膜下滴灌处理吸氮量、灌溉水分生产率、氮肥农学利用效率和吸收效率与地面灌溉相比提高了6.75%、123.47%、21.59%和26.15%。【结论】膜下滴灌具有显著节水（45.22%）、增产（11.72%）和提高水肥利用效率的效果，适宜在典型干旱灌区河套灌区推广应用。 |
| 关键词: 膜下滴灌；地面灌溉；生长指标；吸氮量；高产高效 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2025265 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目: |
|
| Growth and resource use efficiency of maize under different irrigation methods in Hetao Irrigation District |
|
SHAO Mengxuan, LIU Haijun, JU Wenwen, WANG Keke
|
|
1. College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; 2. Guangdong Zhihuan Innovation Environmental Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510180, China; 3. MDPI (Beijing) Technology Services Co., Ltd., Beijing 101100, China
|
| Abstract: |
| 【Background and Objective】Agriculture in Hetao Irrigation District (HID) is highly dependent on irrigation due to its scarce precipitation and high evaporation. Reduced Yellow River water allocation and strict water resource management in recent years have exacerbated irrigation water scarcity in the district. However, over 90% of irrigation still relies on surface irrigation, causing severe water-fertilizer waste and low irrigation water and nitrogen use efficiency. Although mulched drip irrigation has been applied in HID, the associated crop nitrogen uptake and its effects on crop growth remain elusive. This paper aims to fill this knowledge gap. We investigated the effects of mulched surface irrigation and mulched drip irrigation on growth traits, nutrient uptake and yield formation of spring maize.【Method】A three-year experiment was conducted from 2021 to 2023 using a randomized complete block design in a spring maize field. During the experiment, we measured the plant height, stem diameter, leaf area index (LAI), and aboveground dry matter accumulation at the whorl stage, late whorl stage, tasseling stage, grain-filling stage and maturity stage. We also measured plant nitrogen uptake, grain yield and yield components (ear length, ear diameter, unfilled tip length, kernel rows per ear, kernels per row, kernel number per ear, and 100-grain weight), and water and nitrogen use efficiency metrics (irrigation water productivity, agronomic nitrogen use efficiency of the plant.【Result】Compared with surface irrigation, mulched drip irrigation increased the plant height, stem diameter, LAI at the tasseling stage, and the aboveground dry matter at maturity stage by 3.90%, 18.00%, 13.03%, and 5.05%, respectively; as a result, it increased the grain yield by 11.72% and 100-grain weight by 17.87%. We also found that, compared with surface irrigation, mulched drip irrigation increased plant nitrogen uptake, irrigation water productivity, agronomic nitrogen use efficiency, and nitrogen absorption efficiency by 6.75%, 123.47%, 21.59% and 26.15% respectively.【Conclusion】Mulched drip irrigation could reduce irrigation water usage by 45.22%, increase maize yield by 11.72%, and significantly improve irrigation water productivity and nitrogen use efficiencies of spring maize in the Hetao Irrigation District. |
| Key words: mulched drip irrigation; surface irrigation; growth dynamics; nitrogen uptake; high yield and productivity |
