| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究水分调亏对绿洲膜下滴灌马铃薯生长、产量及品质的影响。【方法】于2024年4—9月在甘肃省张掖市益民灌溉试验站开展膜下滴灌马铃薯大田试验，分别在马铃薯苗期、块茎形成期、块茎膨大期和淀粉积累期设置轻度水分调亏（土壤含水率介于田间持水率的55%~65%，WD1、WD3、WD5、WD7）、中度水分调亏（土壤含水率介于田间持水率的45%~55%，WD2、WD4、WD6、WD8）8个处理和全生育期充分灌溉（土壤含水率介于田间持水率的65%~75%，对照（CK）），分析不同生育期水分调亏对马铃薯生长、产量及品质的影响。【结果】与CK相比，不同生育期水分调亏处理均会显著降低马铃薯株高、茎粗和叶面积（P＜0.05），且降幅随水分调亏程度增加而增大，分别介于5.33%~14.31%、5.70%~13.74%和5.53%~20.29%。与CK相比，苗期轻、中度水分调亏和块茎形成期轻度水分调亏使产量提高2.26%~8.77%。WD1处理淀粉量最高，较CK增加12.98%；各处理蛋白质量均低于CK，其中以WD8处理蛋白质量最低，较CK降低21.63%；各处理还原糖量均高于CK，其中以WD2处理最高，较CK增加33.93%；而维生素C量则以WD2处理最低，较CK降低21.48%。基于熵权法和TOPSIS法的综合评价结果表明，苗期轻度水分亏缺处理（WD1）综合得分最高（0.605）。【结论】因此，可将苗期轻度水分调亏处理（土壤含水率介于田间持水率的55%~65%）推荐作为河西绿洲马铃薯较为适宜的调亏灌溉策略。 |
| 关键词: 水分调亏；生长特性；产量；品质；综合评价；马铃薯；河西绿洲 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2025250 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目: |
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| Effects of water deficit in different growing stages on growth, yield and quality of potato |
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ZHAO Yan, LI Zhe, ZHANG Hengjia
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1. Gansu Yasheng Agricultural Research Institute Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730010, China;
2. College of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
3. College of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Potato is a common crop grown in arid and semi-arid regions in Northwestern China where water-deficit irrigation has been widely used to save water without compromising crop yield and improve food quality. However, how implementing deficit irrigation at different growing stages of potato affects its growth and yield is not well understood. This paper aims to fill this technical gap.【Method】An experiment was conducted from April to September 2024 in a potato field under mulched drip irrigation at the Yimin Irrigation Experiment Station in Zhangye City, Gansu Province. It consisted of eight treatments: mild water-deficit irrigation by controlling soil moisture content at 55% to 65% of the field capacity (WD1, WD3, WD5, WD7), moderate water-deficit irrigation by controlling soil moisture content at 45% to 55% of the field capacity (WD2, WD4, WD6, WD8), and sufficient irrigation by maintaining soil moisture content at 65% to 75% of the field capacity (CK), at different growth stages of the potato. In the experiment, we measured growth traits, yield and quality of the potato.【Result】Compared with CK, water deficit at different growth stages significantly (P＜0.05) reduced plant height, stem diameter and leaf area, with the reduction degree increasing with the severity of water deficit, ranging from 5.33% to 14.31%, 5.70% to 13.74%, and 5.53% to 20.29%, respectively. Compared with CK, mild or moderate water deficit at the seedling stage combined with a mild water deficit at the tuber formation stage increased yield by 2.26% to 8.77%. The WD1 had the highest starch content, which was 12.98% higher than that of CK. All water-deficit treatments had lower protein content than CK, with the WD8 showing the lowest (21.63% lower than CK). The sugar content reduction in all water deficit treatments was higher than that in CK, with the WD2 being the highest (33.93% higher than CK). The WD2 had the lowest vitamin C content, which was 21.48% lower than that of CK. Evaluation based on the entropy weight-TOPSIS method showed that a mild water deficit at the seedling stage (WD1) had the highest comprehensive score (0.605).【Conclusion】Implementing a mild water-deficit irrigation by keeping the soil moisture content at 55%-65% of the field capacity during the seedling stage is an optimal irrigation strategy for potato production in the Hexi Oasis in Northwestern China. |
| Key words: water deficit regulation; growth characteristics; yield; quality; comprehensive evaluation; potato; Hexi Oasis |
