| 引用本文: | 史万恩,张月珍,俞雅蓉,等.极限非充分灌溉对春小麦水分利用特征及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(1):25-34. |
| SHI Wanen,ZHANG Yuezhen,YU Yarong,et al.极限非充分灌溉对春小麦水分利用特征及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(1):25-34. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究不同灌溉方式极限非充分灌溉对春小麦生长过程中水分利用特征以及产量构成的影响。【方法】采用完全随机试验方法，于2023—2024年开展春小麦大田试验，分析2种灌溉方式（滴灌、畦灌）下极限非充分灌溉定额（非充分灌溉定额270 mm的60%~80%）对春小麦拔节期、抽穗期、灌浆期和成熟期4个关键生育时期土壤含水率、土壤贮水量、作物耗水量以及重要生长指标、产量、水分利用效率的影响。【结果】①滴灌3个水平极限非充分灌溉定额（163.5、195、226.5 mm）处理春小麦关键生育时期长势较好、水分利用效率较畦灌处理（360、390、420 mm）高，且土壤水分分布较均匀；②滴灌处理春小麦播前至收获后0~100 cm土层土壤平均含水率下降速度较均匀且前后变幅最大，滴灌处理比畦灌处理高17.75%；③滴灌处理春小麦从播前至收获土壤贮水量减小幅度最高达65%，而畦灌处理减小幅度为50%；春小麦抽穗—灌浆期耗水强度最高达19.65 mm/d、贡献比例占44.3%，滴灌处理耗水量最小且水分利用效率最高达12.87 kg/（hm2·mm）；④极限非充分灌溉定额下滴灌处理春小麦株高、SPAD值与干物质量及产量构成指标之间均极显著正相关，且灌溉定额为226.5 mm的滴灌处理春小麦产量和水分利用效率均最高。【结论】综上可知，西北旱区春小麦在滴灌和畦灌极限非充分灌溉定额下仍然可以正常生长且稳产，226.5 mm是适合西北旱区石羊河流域春小麦浅埋滴灌水肥一体化技术的极限节水灌溉定额。 |
| 关键词: 滴灌；畦灌；春小麦；极限非充分灌溉；水分利用；产量；西北旱区 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2025266 |
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| Effects of insufficient irrigation on water use and yield of spring wheat in water-scarce region |
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SHI Wanen, ZHANG Yuezhen, YU Yarong, LYU Ting, CHEN Shunguo
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1. Water Science and Technology Extension Center in Wuwei City, Wuwei 733000, China;
2. Key Irrigation Experimental Station in Wuwei City, Wuwei 733000, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Water scarcity is a major constraint to agriculture in arid regions of Northwestern China. Exploring efficient irrigation methods and water-saving irrigation quotas is crucial for sustainable agricultural development in these regions. This paper experimentally investigates the effects of different irrigation methods and insufficient irrigation quotas on water use and yield components of spring wheat. 【Method】A completely randomized field experiment was conducted in 2023 and 2024 in the Shiyang River Basin. It consisted of a shallow-buried drip irrigation method and a border irrigation method, each having a sufficient irrigation treatment and an extreme insufficient irrigation treatment that used 60%-80% of water in the insufficient irrigation treatment. During the experiment, we measured the changes in soil water content, soil water storage, water consumption, key growth traits, grain yield and water use efficiency (WUE) at the jointing stage, heading stage, filling stage and maturity stage of the crop. The extreme insufficient irrigation quotas for drip irrigation were 163.5 mm, 195 mm and 226.5 mm, and those for the border irrigation were 360 mm, 390 mm and 420 mm.【Result】①Compared with extreme insufficient border irrigation, extreme insufficient drip irrigation had better crop growth during critical growth stages of the crop, significantly higher water use efficiency, and more uniform water distribution in the soil. ②As time elapsed, the decrease in average soil water content in the 0-100 cm soil layer from sowing to harvest was steadier under drip irrigation than under border irrigation. ③From sowing to harvest, water storage in the 0-100 cm soil layer reduced by 65% under drip irrigation and 50% under border irrigation. The highest daily water consumption was during heading -filling stage, reaching 19.65mm/d and accounting for 44.3% of the total crop water consumption. The cumulative total crop water consumption in drip irrigation was the smallest, while its water use efficiency was the highest, reaching 12.87 kg/(hm2·mm). ④Under the extreme insufficient irrigation, the plant height and SPAD were both significantly positively correlated with dry matter mass and yield components. The grain yield and water use efficiency were the highest when drip-irrigating 226.5 mm of water.【Conclusion】Spring wheat can grow normally and maintain stable yield under extreme insufficient drip or border irrigation in the arid Northwestern China. Drip-irrigating 226.5 mm of water is an optimal irrigation quota for fertigating spring wheat in the study region. |
| Key words: drip irrigation; border irrigation; spring wheat; extreme insufficient irrigation; water utilization; yield; arid regions in Northwest China |
