| 摘要: |
| 【目的】新疆地区牧草供应不平衡不稳定，盐荒地面积大，淡水资源匮乏，盐碱地牧草种植业发展缓慢。为发展盐碱地牧草种植业，考虑在盐荒地上利用咸水灌溉种植盐地碱蓬，可以在不占用已有农业用水的情况下进行盐荒地牧草种植。为探索不同种植密度与灌溉水盐分水平对盐地碱蓬饲草品质、吸盐量和经济效益的影响。【方法】通过在新疆巴楚县现代农业产业园进行的双因素全组合大田试验，研究了不同灌溉水盐分：2.01 g/L（I1）、15.36 g/L（I2）、29.52 g/L（I3）和盐地碱蓬种植密度：10 kg/hm2（S1）、20 kg/hm2（S2）、30 kg/hm2（S3），对盐地碱蓬生长指标、饲草品质、吸盐量、生物量、灌溉水水分生产效率、偏肥料生产力和净利润的影响。【结果】碱蓬株高、茎粗和蓬径随灌溉水盐分增加呈先增高后降低的趋势；播种量对碱蓬的株高有促进作用，对茎粗和蓬径均有抑制作用；粗蛋白量、粗脂肪量、相对饲喂价值、甜菜碱量、草酸盐量和综合评价值随种植密度增加呈先增加后减少的趋势，而灰分量减少，其中，I3S3处理的灰分量最小，与其他处理的差异范围为4.08%~67.08%；随着灌溉水盐分的增加，粗蛋白量、灰分量和综合评价值先增加后减少，甜菜碱量和草酸盐量呈增加趋势，粗脂肪量逐渐降低；不同种植密度条件下，吸盐量对灌溉水盐分的响应不同，在S1处理和S2处理下，盐地碱蓬总吸盐量均表现为I2处理＞I1处理＞I3处理；在S3处理下，随着盐分增大，吸盐量随之减小；随着种植密度增加，吸盐量先增加后降低；盐地碱蓬的生物量、灌溉水生产效率、偏肥料生产力和经济价值随着种植密度或灌溉水盐分的增加先增加后减少；结构方程表明，灌溉水盐分对盐地碱蓬生长有正效应，灌溉水盐分和种植密度对盐地碱蓬生长和饲草品质均有负效应。【结论】灌水盐分为15.36 g/L（I2处理）和碱蓬种植密度为20 kg/hm2（S2处理）时饲草品质、生物量、吸盐量、灌溉水生产效率、偏肥料生产力和经济价值均为最大值，即I2S2处理为最优处理。咸水灌溉条件下种植盐地碱蓬的研究结果为盐荒地牧草种植业的发展和有效管理提供了科学依据。 |
| 关键词: 盐地碱蓬；咸水；种植密度；饲草品质；经济效益 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2025107 |
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| 基金项目: |
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| Effects of irrigation water salinity and planting density on quality andyield of Suaeda salsa in saline alkali fields |
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CAI Rui, XU Qiang, LIU Hongguang, LI Yanjie, ZHANG Qian, LI Ling
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1. College of Water Conservancy & Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China;
2. Market Supervision Administration of Burqin County, Burqin 836600, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background and Objective】Suaeda salsa is an annual herbaceous plant with strong adaptability to harsh environments. Cultivating it with saline water irrigation in saline-alkali soils is a promising approach to develop the forage industry in Xinjiang, Northwestern China. This paper experimentally investigates the effects of different planting density and irrigation water salinity on yield and quality of Suaeda salsa.【Method】A two-factor, full-factorial field experiment was conducted in the Modern Agricultural Industrial Park of Bachu County, Xinjiang. The experiment included three irrigation water salinity treatments: 2.01 (I1), 15.36 (I2), and 29.52 g/L, and three planting density treatments (expressed as sowing seed weight per area): 10 (S1), 20 (S2), and 30 (S3) kg/hm2. During the experiment, we measured and analysed the plant height, stem diameter, canopy diameter, quality traits, plant salt uptake, biomass, irrigation water productivity, partial fertilizer productivity of the plant, as well as net profit.【Result】①With increasing irrigation water salinity, the plant height, stem diameter and canopy diameter first increased and then decreased. ②Increasing planting density enhanced plant height but reduced its stem diameter and canopy diameter. ③With increasing planting density, crude protein, crude fat, relative feeding value, betaine, oxalate and comprehensive evaluation value first increased and then decreased, while ash content gradually decreased. As irrigation water salinity increased, crude protein, ash content, and comprehensive evaluation value first increased and then decreased, while the betaine and oxalate consistently increased and the crude fat content gradually decreased. ④The relationship between plant salt uptake and irrigation water salinity varied with planting density. In S1 and S2 treatments, the change in total plant salt uptake followed the order I2＞I1＞I3, while in S3 treatment, the total plant salt uptake decreased with increasing irrigation water salinity. It was also found that with increasing planting density, plant salt uptake increased first and then decreased. ⑤With the increase in irrigation water salinity or planting density, the plant biomass, irrigation water productivity, partial fertilizer productivity, and economic benefits of increased first and then decreased. ⑥Structural equation modelling showed that irrigation water salinity had a positive effect on plant growth, while irrigation water salinity and planting density had negative effects on plant quality.【Conclusion】A combination of sowing rate of 20 kg/hm2 and irrigation water salinity of 15.36 g/L was optimal for forage quality, plant biomass, plant salt uptake, irrigation water production efficiency, partial fertilizer productivity, and economic benefits for Suaeda salsa production in saline-alkali soils with saline water irrigation in the study areas in Xinjiang. |
| Key words: salt alkali plant; saline water; planting density; forage quality; economic benefit |
