| 引用本文: | 赵子博,杜向兵,李王成,等.多水源灌溉对玉米根区水盐分布与水分利用效率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(4):21-31. |
| ZHAO Zibo,DU Xiangbing,LI Wangcheng,et al.多水源灌溉对玉米根区水盐分布与水分利用效率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(4):21-31. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】针对宁夏银北灌区农业用水紧缺状况，研究当地引黄水、浅层地下微咸水与农田回归水对根区水盐分布及玉米生长的影响。【方法】于2024年4—8月在银川市兴庆区通贵乡试验地开展田间试验，设置引黄水（S1）、回归水（S2）、地下水（S3）3种灌水类型与2种灌水定额I1（330 mm）、I2（190 mm），并以当地常规灌水定额（412 mm）、灌水水质（S1）为对照试验（CK），分析不同处理对根区水盐分布及玉米生长的影响。【结果】①高灌水定额（I1处理）下，S3处理0~40 cm土层土壤含水率分别较引黄水（S1）、回归水（S2）低25.49%、15.69%，土壤电导率分别降低61.15%、38.22%；②I2处理下，盐分更易滞留于根层20~60 cm，且灌溉水矿化度越高累积量越多； S3处理下，随灌水量增加，0~40 cm土层盐分淋洗作用明显，并驱动盐分向40~80 cm土层迁移累积。③在低灌水定额（I2）下，S3处理和S2处理比高定额（I1）灌溉条件下增产10.12%~14.44%，水分利用效率（WUE）提高28.08%~37.33%；与CK相比，S3I2处理和S2I2处理的产量分别提高了0.56%和11.97%，WUE分别显著提升48.14%和54.17%。④路径分析表明，灌水量是驱动产量与水分利用效率的首要因素，水质则通过根区盐分对二者产生关键调节作用。【结论】在地下水浅埋区，玉米关键需水期（拔节期）实施低定额灌溉（190 mm）并利用农田回归水或浅层地下微咸水，可有效节约淡水资源，保证产量同时并显著提高水分利用效率。 |
| 关键词: 微咸水利用；灌溉水质；盐分累积；水分利用效率；浅埋地下水 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2025308 |
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| Effects of irrigation water sources on root-zone water and salinity dynamics and maize water use efficiency |
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ZHAO Zibo, DU Xiangbing, LI Wangcheng, JIA Zhenjiang, AN Wenju, LYU Hang, LI Xu, HE Lei
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1. School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China;
2. Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Modern Agricultural Water Resources in Arid Regions,
Ministry of Education, Yinchuan 750021, China; 3. Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of
Yellow River Water Network Digital Water Control, Yinchuan 750021, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Water scarcity is a major challenge for sustainable agriculture in the arid Yinbei Irrigation District of Ningxia. To address this, various water resources, including Yellow River water, shallow brackish groundwater, and agricultural return flow, have been explored for irrigation. This study investigates the effects of these irrigation water sources on root-zone water and salt dynamics and their consequences for maize growth.【Method】The experiment was conducted in a maize field from April to August 2024 in Tonggui, Xingqing District, Yinchuan City. It included three irrigation water types: diverted Yellow River water (S1), agricultural return flow (S2), and shallow groundwater (S3), combined with two irrigation quotas: 330 mm (I1) and 190 mm (I2). The control (CK) used Yellow River water with an irrigation quota of 412 mm. During the experiment, soil water content and salt concentration in the root zone and maize growth traits were measured.【Result】①When the irrigation quota was 330 mm (I1), S3 reduced soil water content in the 0-40 cm layer by 25.49% and 15.69%, and soil electrical conductivity by 61.15% and 38.22%, compared with S1 and S2, respectively. ②When the irrigation quota was 190 mm (I2), salts were more likely to accumulate in the 20-60 cm root zone, with salt accumulation increasing with the salinity of the irrigation water. Under S3, increasing the irrigation quota enhanced salt leaching from the 0-40 cm layer to the 40-80 cm layer. ③Under the low irrigation quota (I2), S3 and S2 increased grain yield by 10.12%-14.44% and improved water use efficiency (WUE) by 28.08%-37.33% compared with the high irrigation quota (I1). Compared to CK, S3I2 and S2I2 increased grain yield by 0.56% and 11.97%, and WUE by 48.14% and 54.17%, respectively. ④Path analysis indicated that irrigation quota was the primary factor affecting yield and WUE, while water quality played a key role through its influence on root zone salinity.【Conclusion】In areas with shallow groundwater, applying a reduced irrigation quota (190 mm) using agricultural return flow or shallow brackish groundwater during the critical water demand stage of maize can save freshwater resources without reducing grain yield. |
| Key words: brackish water use; irrigation water quality; salt accumulation; water use efficiency; shallow groundwater |
