| 引用本文: | 刘科顺,李文昊,吕廷波,等.水氮盐耦合对绿洲棉田水盐分布及棉花产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(7):36-43. |
| Liu Keshun,Li Wenhao,Lyu Tingbo,et al.水氮盐耦合对绿洲棉田水盐分布及棉花产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(7):36-43. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究水氮盐耦合对新疆盐渍化滴灌棉田棉花生长、水盐运移及产量形成的影响。【方法】在新疆典型盐渍化棉田，通过测坑试验设置2个灌溉定额（W1：4 500 m3/hm2、W2：3 600 m3/hm2）、3个施氮量（N1：200 kg/hm2、N2：300 kg/hm2、N3：400 kg/hm2）和3个土壤含盐量处理（S1：2 g/kg、S2：4 g/kg、S3：6 g/kg），采用偏最小二乘路径模型（PLS-PM）解析产量形成路径。【结果】土壤水分主要分布于20~40 cm土层，较表层（0~20 cm土层）高25.35%~60.09%。土壤盐分生育期内苗期到花铃期先降低（平均下降0.29 g/kg），花铃期到吐絮期再升高（平均上升0.35 g/kg）的变化趋势，且随施氮量和灌溉量增加而降低。土壤含盐量增加，棉花产量随之降低，其中S1、S2、S3处理下，产量最高的分别为W1N2、W1N2处理和W1N3处理。产量与生长指标均极显著正相关，与土壤盐分极显著负相关。PLS-PM模型发现，盐分对植株生长影响最大，通过直接影响土壤水盐状态和植株生长，间接影响产量。【结论】推荐中低盐区和高盐区施氮量分别为300 kg/hm2和适宜高于300 kg/hm2，灌水量均为4 500 m3/hm2。以实现节水、增效。 |
| 关键词: 膜下滴灌；盐渍化棉田；PLS-PM；水氮盐耦合；产量形成 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2025346 |
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| Effects of water-nitrogen-salt coupling on soil water-salt distribution and cotton yield in oasis cotton fields |
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Liu Keshun, Li Wenhao, Lyu Tingbo, Gao Shuanglong, He Jinyin
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1. College of Water Conservancy & Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Modern Water-saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Production & Construction Crop, Shihezi 832000, China;
3. Key Laboratory of Northwest Oasis Water-saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shihezi 832000, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Soil salinization and water scarcity are the main abiotic stresses affecting cotton production in Xinjiang oases. Optimal regulation of soil water, salt and nitrogen can alleviate these adverse effects. This paper experimentally investigated the effects of water–nitrogen–salt coupling on the spatiotemporal dynamics of soil water and salt, as well as growth and yield formation of cotton in a saline soil.【Method】The experiment was conducted in pots with drip irrigation. It included two irrigation treatments: 4 500 m3/hm2 (W1) and 3 600 m3/hm2 (W2), three nitrogen treatments: 200 kg/hm2 (N1) 300 kg/ hm2 (N2), 400 kg/ hm2 (N3), and three soil salinity levels: 2 g/kg (S1), 4 g/kg (S2), and 6 g/kg (S3). A partial least squares path model (PLS-PM) was used to identify the key pathways that control cotton yield formation.【Result】Soil water was predominantly distributed in the 20-40 cm soil layer, where the water content was 25.35%-60.09% higher than that in the topsoil (0-20 cm). As the crop grew, topsoil salinity initially decreased and then increased. Relative to its initial value, the average topsoil salt content decreased by 0.29 g/kg in the early growth stage and increased by 0.35 g/kg in the late stage. Increasing irrigation volume and nitrogen application effectively reduced soil salinity. Elevated soil salinity significantly inhibited cotton yield formation. The optimal irrigation and fertilization combinations for maximum yield under S1, S2 and S3 were W1N2, W1N2 and W1N3, respectively. Correlation analysis revealed that cotton yield was positively correlated with growth indicators and negatively correlated with soil salinity. PLS-PM analysis showed that soil salinity was the dominant limiting factor for cotton growth; it indirectly regulated cotton yield by altering spatiotemporal distribution of soil water and salt.【Conclusion】The optimal irrigation and nitrogen fertilization for S2 and S3 were 4 500 m3/hm2 and 300 kg/hm2, and 4 500 m3/hm2 and more than 300 kg/hm2, respectively. This irrigation and fertilization strategy can save water, improve nutrient use efficiency and stabilize cotton yield in saline oasis in the study region. |
| Key words: drip irrigation under film; salinized cotton field; PLS-PM; water-nitrogen-salt coupling; yield formation |
