| 引用本文: | 李 浩,谭军利,李 红,等.节水减氮对引黄灌区春小麦灌浆特性及产量影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(7):44-51. |
| Li Hao,Tan Junli,Li Hong,et al.节水减氮对引黄灌区春小麦灌浆特性及产量影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(7):44-51. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】明确引黄灌区节水减氮条件下春小麦增产机理，探究节水减氮对春小麦籽粒灌浆特性及产量的调控效应。【方法】基于田间试验，设置3个水分供应水平：常规灌溉（400 mm，WC）、节水20%（320 mm，W1）和节水40%（240 mm，W2）和3个氮素供应水平：常规施氮（270 kg/hm2，NC）、减氮25%（202.5 kg/hm2，NJ）和不施氮（N0）。运用Logistic模型拟合春小麦籽粒灌浆过程。【结果】施氮处理对灌浆—成熟期0~40 cm土层土壤水分与矿质氮量有显著影响，N0处理下的平均土壤含水率分别较NC处理和NJ处理提高了24.11%和79.17%。与NJW2处理相比，NCW2处理的土壤含水率提高83.95%。NC处理的土壤矿质氮量最高。不同水氮处理下春小麦千粒质量随时间均呈“慢-快-慢”的变化趋势。NNJW1处理延长了春小麦籽粒灌浆活跃期和快速增长期的持续时间，其千粒质量较NCWC处理提高2.25%~4.45%。节水20%并减氮25%处理通过维持较高的穗粒数和穗数，提高了春小麦籽粒产量，较NCWC处理增产1.72%。NJW1处理下的矿质态氮对小麦千粒质量的形成产生了正效应，而水分产生了负效应。【结论】节水20%并减氮25%通过适度水分胁迫使作物产生抗逆适应，同时保证了氮素的有效供应，优化了籽粒灌浆过程，从而提高了春小麦产量。 |
| 关键词: 春小麦；千粒质量；Logistic模型；灌浆特征；产量；引黄灌区 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2026033 |
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| Effect of water-saving irrigation and nitrogen reduction on grain filling and yield of spring wheat in the Yellow River Irrigation Areas in Ningxia |
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Li Hao, Tan Junli, Li Hong, Qian Zhijin, Wang Xina
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1. College of Civil and Water Resources Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China;
2. Engineering Research Centre of Ministry of Education for Efficient Utilization of Water Resources in Modern
Agriculture in Arid Zones, Yinchuan 750021, China; 3. School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Excessive irrigation and nitrogen fertilization in the Yellow River irrigation districts are a main source of environmental pollution, and improving water and nitrogen management is critical for sustainable agricultural production in these regions. This study aimed to experimentally investigate the effects of water-saving irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer reduction on grain filling and yield formation of spring wheat.【Method】The experiment was conducted in a spring wheat field with a water gradient (controlled by irrigation) and a nitrogen gradient (controlled by fertilization). During the experiment, we measured the spatiotemporal variations in soil water and mineral nitrogen, grain filling and grain yield. Key factors that affect yield formation were identified using correlation analysis and structural equation modeling.【Result】Nitrogen application significantly affected soil water content and mineral nitrogen content in the topsoil (0-40 cm) from the grain-filling stage to maturity stage. Soil water content in the no nitrogen treatment (CK) was much higher than that in the nitrogen-application treatments, being 24.11% higher than that in the conventional nitrogen treatment (NC) and 79.17% higher than that in the reduced nitrogen application treatment (NJ). NCW2 treatment increased soil moisture content by 83.95% compared with NJW2 treatment. The NC treatment had the highest soil mineral nitrogen content. In the water- nitrogen combined treatments, the 1 000-grain weight exhibited a ‘slow-fast-slow’ increasing pattern as time elapsed during the grain filling process. When irrigation was the same, the NC and N0 treatments gave sharp and slender grain-filling rate curves, whereas the NJ treatment resulted in short and robust curves. The NJW1 treatment prolonged the active grain-filling period and rapid growth stage, increasing 1 000-grain weight by 2.25%-4.45% relative to the conventional treatment (NCWC). Furthermore, the optimized water-saving and nitrogen-reduction treatment increased grain yield by 1.72% compared with NCWC, due to the increased effective spike numbers and grain numbers per spike. Model analysis indicated that soil mineral nitrogen had a positive effect on 1 000-grain weight in the NJW1 treatment, while soil water exerted a negative regulatory effect on it.【Conclusion】Reducing irrigation by 20% and nitrogen application by 25% induced moderate crop stress tolerance, maintained effective soil nitrogen supply and optimized the grain-filling process, thereby increasing grain yield. This water-nitrogen optimization provides a feasible and efficient management strategy for high-yield and resource-saving spring wheat production in the Yellow River Irrigation districts. |
| Key words: spring wheat; thousand grain weight; Logistic model; grain filling characteristics; yield; Yellow River Irrigation Area |
