| 引用本文: | 刘登木,周 叶,王尚坤,等.混流式水轮机变水头变负荷压力脉动分析[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(8):64-73. |
| Liu Dengmu,Zhou Ye,Wang Shangkun,et al.混流式水轮机变水头变负荷压力脉动分析[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(8):64-73. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】深入分析混流式发电机组在变水头、变负荷工况下的压力脉动影响。【方法】以实际运行电站混流式水轮机组为研究对象，通过对机组在不同工况下实际运行的参数监测，得到了机组在不同水头、负荷工况下的压力脉动运行数据，且对该机组的主轴摆度、振动进行了监测。【结果】在中间负荷区域，混流式水轮机机组会产生较大的压力脉动，且随水头的增加，该压力波动区间会向高负荷值侧移动；主轴摆度与压力脉动呈正相关。此外，机组尾水区域的压力脉动较大，受负荷变化的影响更大。【结论】因此，机组应尽可能运行在80%负荷以上的高负荷工况附近，如果大幅度偏离最优工况，机组所受压力脉动和摆度较大，从而增加部件损伤风险，降低机组效率。 |
| 关键词: 水轮机；压力脉动；摆度；振动;试验 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2025249 |
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| Pressure pulsation of Francis turbine under variable water head and load conditions |
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Liu Dengmu, Zhou Ye, Wang Shangkun, Song Hao, Sun Longyue, Gao Zhongxin, Jiang Cuiwei, Lu Zhiyang, Li Shangqi, Li Xiaochao
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1. China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Water Security, Beijing 100038, China;
3. State Grid Xinyuan Company Ltd., Beijing 100052, China; 4. XJ Group Corporation, Zhengzhou 450004, China;
5. North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450045, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background】The growth in installed capacity of green energy has exerted growing operational pressure on the national power grid. Hydropower stations play a vital role in grid regulation. However, long-term operation under suboptimal conditions triggers pressure pulsation and other faults in hydropower units, causing component damage and deteriorating operational performance. 【Objective】This paper analyzes the effects of pressure pulsation on operating unit under variable water head and load conditions. 【Method】We collected on-site operational parameters to obtain pressure pulsation data, as well as spindle swing and vibration measurements of the operating unit across different water head and load scenarios. 【Result】The results show that intense pressure pulsation occurs in the medium-load region. As the water head rises, the range of severe pressure fluctuation shifts toward higher load levels. Spindle swing amplitude is positively correlated with pressure pulsation. Furthermore, pressure pulsation in the unit’s tail water area is more pronounced and highly susceptible to load variation. 【Conclusion】Therefore, the unit should preferably operate at loads above 80% rated load. When operating far from the optimal working point, pressure pulsation and spindle swing intensify, raising the risk of component failure and lowering unit efficiency. |
| Key words: Francis hydro-turbine; pressure fluctuation; shaft runout; vibration; experiment |
