| 引用本文: | 韩彩露,高 阳,马守田,等.灌水定额对南疆地下滴灌苹果土壤水盐分布、
根系生长及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(9):56-66. |
| Han Cailu,Gao Yang,Ma Shoutian,et al.灌水定额对南疆地下滴灌苹果土壤水盐分布、
根系生长及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(9):56-66. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】明确地下滴灌条件下不同灌水定额对南疆矮砧密植苹果土壤水盐状况及果树根系生长的影响，提出节水控盐稳产的灌溉措施。【方法】于2024年4—10月在新疆阿拉尔市开展大田试验，当苹果潜在蒸散量（ETc）减去降水量（P）累计达到27 mm时进行灌溉，设置3个灌水定额，分别为27 mm（I27）、22.5 mm（I22.5）、18 mm（I18），研究不同灌水定额对苹果园土壤水盐及根系二维分布特征、产量以及灌溉水利用效率的影响。【结果】相较于I27处理，I22.5、I18处理全生育期土壤剖面平均含水率分别下降18.2%、24.5%，含盐量分别增加26.7%、51.0%。适度水分亏缺处理（I22.5）能维持0~60 cm主要根系层盐分低于4.7 g/kg的耐盐阈值，I18处理盐分淋洗效果不足导致中深层盐分显著累积。受水盐梯度诱导，I22.5、I18处理根长密度较I27处理（0.75 cm/cm3）分别减少30.5%、40.0%，但适度降低灌水定额（I22.5）使峰值出现的垂直位置（30 cm）下扎10 cm。苹果产量及灌溉水利用效率随灌水定额降低呈先升后降的变化规律，其中，I22.5处理的产量和灌溉水利用效率最大，分别为25.29 t/hm2和4.01 kg/m3。【结论】试验条件下，当ETc与P之差为27 mm时，灌水22.5 mm可作为南疆矮砧密植苹果园地下滴灌方式下适宜的灌溉控制指标，可基本达到兼顾稳产节水控盐效果。 |
| 关键词: 苹果；地下滴灌；灌水定额；水盐；根系；产量 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2025357 |
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| Effects of subsurface drip irrigation amount on soil water-salt distribution, root growth and fruit yield of dwarf apple orchards in Southern Xinjiang |
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Han Cailu, Gao Yang, Ma Shoutian, Li Sen
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Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Subsurface drip irrigation can improve water-use efficiency of apple orchards in arid regions, but excessive irrigation wastes water, whereas insufficient irrigation risks salt accumulation and constrains root growth. This study aimed to identify the optimal subsurface drip irrigation amount that can balances soil water-salt dynamics, root growth, fruit yield, and water-use efficiency in densely planted dwarf apple orchards in Southern Xinjiang.【Method】A field experiment was conducted in Alar, Xinjiang, from April to October 2024. Irrigation was applied when the cumulative difference between evapotranspiration and precipitation reached 27 mm. Three irrigation amounts were compared: 27 mm (I27), 22.5 mm (I22.5) and 18 mm (I18). During the experiment, two-dimensional distribution of soil water and salinity around the drip emitters, root distribution, fruit yield, and irrigation water-use efficiency were measured. 【Result】Compared with I27, I22.5 and I18 reduced the average soil water content over the entire growth period by 18.2% and 24.5%, respectively, while increasing soil salinity by 26.7% and 51.0%, respectively. Under moderate water deficit (I22.5), soil salinity in the main root zone (0-60 cm) remained below the salt-tolerance threshold, 4.7 g/kg, whereas insufficient leaching under I18 resulted in significant salt accumulation in the middle and deep soil layers. Driven by soil water and salt gradients, I22.5 and I18 reduced root length density by 30.5% and 40.0%, respectively, compared with I27 (0.75 cm/cm3), while I22.5 shifted the depth of peak root distribution downward by 10 cm, to 30 cm. Both fruit yield and irrigation water-use efficiency showed a unimodal response to decreasing irrigation among, initially increasing and then decreasing. I22.5 produced the highest fruit yield (25.29 t/hm2) and irrigation water-use efficiency (4.01 kg/m3).【Conclusion】Under the experimental conditions, applying 22.5 mm of irrigation when the cumulative difference between evapotranspiration and precipitation reached 27 mm was optimal for densely planted dwarf apple orchards in Southern Xinjiang. It provides the best balance among yield stability, water saving, salinity control, and irrigation water-use efficiency. |
| Key words: apple; subsurface drip irrigation; irrigation quota; water-salt; root; yield |
