Review Process:

Manuscripts submitted to the journal will go through a preliminary review. The Editorial Office will reject those which are insufficient in originality, having serious scientific or technical mistakes, lacking valuable information, or not in the scope of the journal.

Manuscripts that pass the preliminary review will undergo a double-blind peer review process. Generally, manuscripts will be reviewed by at least two experts who will assess the scientific soundness, language coherence, potential duplication of published works, level of innovation, and suitability for publication. The editor will make objective and reasonable decisions based on the review reports submitted by the experts. If necessary, consultation with members of the editorial board will be conducted to reach a consensus.

Review comments (acceptance, rejection or revision) will be sent to the authors. The authors must respond to the reviewers' every comment and submit the revised version in time. This process would be repeated until the reviewers and editors are satisfied with the manuscripts.

Submission by Editorial Board Members or Editors:

For manuscripts submitted by the Editorial Board Members or editors of the journal, they must follow all the review and editing procedures of the journal. Review of manuscripts will be handled independently from relevant Editorial Board Members, editors and their research groups. All Editorial Board Members and editors are not allowed to participate in the review, editing and employment decisions of the manuscripts written by themselves, their family members, colleagues, or other authors with whom they have conflicts of interest.

Plagiarism Detection:

In order to prevent academic misconduct including plagiarism and multiple submissions, the Editorial Office conducts two rounds of similarity checks on manuscripts using Wanfang's Literature Similarity Detection System during the initial review and after acceptance. This ensures the originality and integrity of the submitted work.