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| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.20190235 |
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| Impacts of Reducing and Delaying Nitrogen Application on Yield and Water and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Summer Maize under Sprinkler Fertigation |
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LIU Jian, NING Dongfeng, QIN Anzhen, SUN Bin, LIU Zhandong, XIAO Junfu, DING Pengfei, ZANG Haitao, ZHANG Jiyang
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1. Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China; 2. Xuchang Experiment and Extension Station of Farmland Water Conservancy, Xuchang 461000, China; 3. Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 Optimizing irrigation and fertilization is essential to sustain crop production without compromising the environment. The objective of this paper is to experimentally study how reductions in fertilizer application affect yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency of maize in well-irrigation regions. 【Method】The field experiment was conducted from June to September in 2018 at the Xuchang Irrigation Experiment Station in Henan province; two maize varieties, P1: cv. DH 3737 and P2: cv. YD9953, were used as model plant. We compared three fertilizations in which phosphorus and potassium applications were the same: 75 kg/hm2 of P2O5 and 75 kg/hm2 of K2O were applied as base fertilization. The treatments differed only in their nitrogen applications: 315 kg/hm2 of N was applied as base fertilizer (CK), 40% of 225 kg/hm2 of N was applied at the 3-leaf stage with the remaining applied at the jointing stage (F1), 30% of 225 kg/hm2 was each applied at the 3-leaf stage and the jointing stage respectively, with the remaining applied at the bell-mouthed stage. The plants were watered and fertilized with sprinkler fertigation. In each treatment, we measured plant growth, grain yield, water and nitrogen use efficiency.【Result】 Increasing N application frequency and delaying N topdressing improved leaf area index (LAI) and reduced leaf senescence, thereby boosting dry matter accumulation and plant growth rate. Compared to traditional fertilization, sprinkler fertigation improved grain yield, water use efficiency (WUE), partial fertilizer productivity (PFPY) for yield, and partial fertilizer productivity for biomass (PFPB) by 7.8%, 22.2%, 51.1% and 49.2%, respectively. In contrast, fertigation reduced crop water consumption by 11.9%. DH3737 increased dry matter accumulation, maximum growth rate, WUE and PFPY by 2.8%, 7.7%, 8.5% and 8.6%, respectively, compared to YD9953, despite the time period through which their growth rate maximized was approximately the same. The period of rapid increase in dry matter for YD9953 was 5.3d longer than that for DH3737. The grain yield of DH3737 was 11 319 kg/hm2, 8.4% higher than that of YD9953, due to the 22.5% and 18.2% increase in ear length and 100-kernel respectively.【Conclusion】The optimal fertilization was to apply 75 kg/hm2 of P2O5 and 75 kg/hm2 of K2O as base fertilizers, with 30% of 225 kg/hm2 applied each at the 3-leaf stage and the jointing stage, respectively, and the remaining applied at the bell-mouthed stage. |
| Key words: sprinkler fertigation; maize cultivar; reducing N topdressing; water and N use efficiency |
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