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| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2020212 |
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| The Effects of Water-nitrogen Coupling on Yield, Nitrogen and Water Use Efficiency of Quinoa |
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WANG Bin, NIE Du, ZHAO Yuanfeng, HUO Xiaolan, HUANG Gaojian, ZHANG Qiang
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1. Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan 030031, China; 2. College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; 3. College of Biological Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; 4. Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background】Quinoa was introduced to China in the 1980s and it has attracted increased attention since then because it is rich in nutrition. In 2013, there was about 667 hm2 of quinoa in Jingle county of Shanxi province and in 2019, the planning area had increased to 13 333 hm2. Despite the quick expansion, there is limited study on how quinoa responds to water and nitrogen application in China.【Objective】The objective of this study is to investigate the combined effect of different irrigations and nitrogen fertilizations on yield, water and nitrogen use efficiency of quinoa in attempts to provide guidance on managing water and nitrogen application in quinoa production.【Method】The experiment was conducted in a field; it consisted of three irrigation levels (0, 30, 50 mm) and five nitrogen applications (0, 37.5, 75, 112.5, 150 kg/hm2). In each treatment, we measured the dry matter accumulation, nitrogen uptake, yield, harvest index, apparent nitrogen budget, nitrogen agronomic efficiency, nitrogen utilization rate, water consumption and water use efficiency of the crop.【Result】As nitrogen fertilization increased from 37.5 to150 kg/hm2, the dry matter accumulation, overall nitrogen uptake and yield increased by 59.4%~229%, 42.9%~277% and 288%~1 214% respectively, compared to the CK. With the irrigation amount increasing, the dry matter accumulation increased from 9.2% to 39.7%, nitrogen uptake increased from 25.5% to 56.7%, and the yield increased from 20.2% to 24.9%. The interaction between irrigation and nitrogen affected both dry matter accumulation and nitrogen accumulation in the grains at significant level. When nitrogen application was 37.5 kg/hm2 and irrigation was 50 mm, the harvest index was maximum (35.7%). Applying nitrogen in the region of 75 to 112.5 kg/hm2 was rational and would not cause substantial nitrogen surplus. When nitrogen application was 75 kg/hm2 and irrigation was 30 mm, the nitrogen agronomic efficiency was maximum (26.8 kg/kg), while when nitrogen application was 150 kg/hm2 and irrigation was 50 mm, the nitrogen and water use efficiency was highest, being 81.6% and 0.73 kg/m3 respectively.【Conclusion】The optimal nitrogen application and irrigation was 112.5 kg/hm2 and 50 mm respectively for quinoa production in the studied area. |
| Key words: quinoa; water-nitrogen coupling; nitrogen uptake; nitrogen use efficiency; water use efficiency |
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