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| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2020711 |
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| The Effects of Herbicide on Maize Growth and Its Residual in Maize Grains are Modulated by Irrigation Amount |
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DAI Liping, SHI Haibin, MIAO Qingfeng, LIU Meihan, SUN Wei, FENG Zhuangzhuang
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1. School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China;2. High-efficiency Water-saving Technology and Equipment and Water and Soil Environmental Effects
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center, Hohhot 010018, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background】The use of agrichemicals in agricultural production could lead to environmental pollution and result in the chemicals entering the food chain. However, how irrigation affects dissemination and transfer of agrochemicals in soil-plant system is poorly understood.【Objective】The aim of this paper is to understand how irrigation and herbicide Nicosulfuron-Atrazine combine to affect maize growth and residue of the herbicide in the maize grains.【Method】The experiments were conducted in lysimeters at Hetao Irrigation District; it compared three herbicide applications: 0 (W2P0), 1.31 L/hm2(W2P1) and 1.69 L/hm2 (W2P2), and three irrigation amounts: 80% (W1P2), 100% (W2P2) and 120% (W3P2) of evapotranspiration (ET). For each treatment, we measured growth traits of the maize and herbicide residue in the grains after harvesting.【Result】When irrigation amount was W2P2, applying herbicide temporarily reduced the relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) in the leaves, but it recovered after nine days. W2P2 reduced 100-grain mass, dried biomass and maize yield by 1.2%, 3.8% and 1.7% (p>0.05) respectively, compared with W2P0, while compared to W1P2, it increased these traits by 5.0%, 35.1% and 19.0% (p<0.05) respectively. Regardless of irrigation amount and herbicide application rate, herbicide residues in the maize grains were lower than the national standards. The residue of Atrazine in the grains was approximately the same in all treatments, but the residue of Nicosulfuron varied between irrigation amount and herbicide application rates, with its content in the maize grains under W1P2, W2P2, W3P2 and W2P1 being 87.83, 42.76, 37.86 and 21.82 μg/kg respectively. Herbicide application also affected water use efficiency (WUE). When the irrigation amount was W2P2, the WUE of different treatments was ranked in the order of W2P2>W2P0>W2P1. Without applying herbicide, the WUE of different irrigation amounts was ranked in the order of W2P2>W1P2>W3P2, with WUE in W2P2 significantly higher than that in W1P2 and W3P2 (p<0.05). Compared with the irrigation amount used by local farmers (420 mm), W2P2 saved 20.8% of water.【Conclusion】Of all the treatments we studied at Hetao Irrigation district, W2P2 was most effective in improving water use efficiency and reducing herbicide residues in the maize grains. |
| Key words: lysimeter; herbicides; 24% Nicosulfuron∙Atrazine; maize yield; water use efficiency |
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