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| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2023078 |
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| Heavy Metals in Water-soil-crop System in Changshou District of Chongqing: Risk Assessment and Their Potential Changes |
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ZHOU Lianchuan, YUAN Jingjing, YU Hai, LI Yutong, DU Zhenjie, WANG Jian, CHEN Ying
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1. Chongqing Academy of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China;
2. Henan Institute of Metrology, Zhengzhou 450000, China; 3. Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
4. Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Xinxiang 453002, China;
5. Chongqing Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Chongqing 401147, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Soil contamination by heavy metals is a pervasive issue, and this paper investigates the spatial distribution of Pb, As, and Cd in the groundwater-soil-rice system in the Changshou district of Chongqing. We also assess their exposure risk and predict their potential changes in the future. 【Method】Geostatistical techniques, ArcGIS, and the target hazard quotients (THQ) methods were used to assess the risk of the three metals entering food chain. Based on these results, we predicted their potential changes and distribution up to 2036. 【Result】① Pb, As, and Cd in groundwater, soil and rice co-existed spatially, with their concentrations higher in the southwest than in the northeast. ② The THQ model did not showed risk of rice consumption for adults (THQ (As, Pb, and Cd) <1), but showed that there was slight risk of Cd (THQCd=1.12) and Pb (THQPb=1.05) for children. ③ The model predicted substantial differences in the content of Pb, As, and Cd between different three management scenarios: ideal, no human intervention, and severe pollution until 2036. While the contents of the heavy metals were predicted to decrease by 4% to 8% under the ideal scenario in 2036 compared to the current level in 2021, allowing severe pollution to continuously happen is expected to increase heavy metal content by 1.51 to 1.72 times the current level.【Conclusion】Industries are the primary source of heavy metal pollution in Changshou district. Regarding the exposure risk to children and vulnerable people, and current pollution level, strict measures, including controlling discharge of industrial waste into soils and remediating contaminated soils are essential to reducing heavy metal contents in soil and alleviating them entering food chain. |
| Key words: heavy metal; ground water-soil-rice system; spatial distribution characteristic; Arc GIS; health risk assessment |
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