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| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2025247 |
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| Advances and perspectives of water-heat- salt-crop modelling under film-mulched drip irrigation: A review |
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LIU Shuiqing, CHEN Shuai, SHANG Songhao
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1. Department of Hydraulic and Hydropower Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
2. College of Water Resources, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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| Abstract: |
| In the context of global climate change and increasing water scarcity, film-mulched drip irrigation (FMDI) has become widely adopted in arid and semi-arid regions due to its superiority in water saving, salt suppression and yield enhancement. Traditionally, FMDI system design relied on empirical approaches grounded in engineering experience and intuition, lacking standardized hydraulic calculations and crop-water interaction models. Recent advances have shifted FMDI design toward standardized and process-based approaches, which have substantially improved the reliability, consistency and computational efficiency of the models. FMDI involves tightly coupled interactions of water, heat, salt and crop growth, necessitating physically based models to optimize its management and design. This review systematically summarizes the physical and physiological models, as well as their integration, used in subsurface FMDI. Key processes in these models include soil surface evaporation, root water uptake, multidimensional soil water transport; these processes are either fully or loosely coupled in model development. Approaches for modelling soil surface evaporation have shifted from simple empirical approaches to energy-balance and physics-driven multi-zone partitioning, semi-physical, and fully physical models, which significantly improve the representation of soil heterogeneity and microclimate in the emitter zones. In the root zone, incorporating the Feddes-van Genuchten uptake functions, non-uniform root length density distributions, meshless algorithms and dynamic root architectures have markedly improved the accuracy of root water uptake modelling in both two-dimensions and three-dimensions. Fully coupled models can simultaneously simulate water, heat, salt and crop dynamics, as well as their feedback interaction, while loosely coupled models, using modular sequential coupling, offer a balance between computational efficiency and flexibility; they have thus been widely used for optimizing regional irrigation scheduling and assessing water productivity. Overall, FMDI modelling has advanced from single process approaches to multi-physics, multi-scale frameworks. Future research should focus on representing microscale heterogeneity, integrating multi-source observational data, and developing lightweight modelling technologies for digital and precision management of FMDI and to help develop sustainable agriculture in arid regions. |
| Key words: film-mulched drip irrigation; water-heat-salt-crop coupling; surface evaporation modeling; root water uptake simulation; fully/loosely coupled models; HYDRUS |
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