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| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2025148 |
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| Theoretical and experimental study of local head loss in symmetrical equal-diameter Y-shaped branch pipes |
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ZHOU Congying, ZHANG Yuxing
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The Engineering and Technicial College of Chengdu University of Technology, Leshan 61400, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Accurate calculation of local head losses in symmetrical equal-diameter Y-shaped branch pipes is essential for the efficient design and operation of pipeline water delivery systems. Traditional calculation methods are prone to errors, especially in relation to the effects of bifurcation angle and flow velocity. We develop a theoretical formulation for quantifying the local head loss coefficient of these branch pipes, explicitly incorporating the influence of both geometric and hydraulic parameters.【Method】A theoretical equation for the local head loss coefficient was derived by combining the Bernoulli equation and the continuity equation, establishing its dependence on bifurcation angle and flow velocity. Accuracy of the equation was validated against experimental data and results simulated using the Fluent software. We then systematically examined how variations in bifurcation angle and flow velocity affect the local head loss coefficient in symmetrical equal-diameter Y-shaped branch pipes.【Result】①Linear regression of the experimental and simulation results shows a clear linear relationship between the pressure difference and velocity head, with the slope of the linear correlation increasing as the bifurcation angle increases. ② The local head loss coefficient increases with increasing bifurcation angle but decreases with increasing velocity head. ③ Compared with experimental data and the simulated results, the errors of the theoretical equation are less than 10%. These results identify the mechanisms through which bifurcation angle and flow velocity influence local head losses.【Conclusion】We investigated the influence of bifurcation angle and flow velocity on the local head loss coefficient of symmetrical equal-diameter Y-shaped branch pipes, from which we provide a reliable theoretical formula. The proposed formula agrees well with experimental data and simulated numerical results, offering a practical method to help design pipeline networks and elucidate local head losses in complex branching systems. |
| Key words: symmetrical equal diameter; Y-shaped bifurcated pipe; local head losses; numerical simulation |
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