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| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2025245 |
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| Spatiotemporal patterns and driving factors of meteorological and agricultural droughts during winter wheat-summer maize growth period in the Huaibei Plain |
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XIAO Ruixin, ZHU Yonghua, LYU Haishen, LIANG Chenhui, PEI Ke, LI Yuxuan, LI Yixuan
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1. College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; 2. College of Geography and Remote Sensing, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China; 3. National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Nanjing 210098, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Drought is a major abiotic stress affecting agricultural production in the Huaibei Plain. Understanding its spatiotemporal patterns and driving factors is essential for developing effective mitigation strategies. This study analyzes the spatial variations and driving factors of meteorological and agricultural droughts during the growth periods of winter wheat and summer maize in the region.【Method】The analysis was based on ERA5-Land reanalysis data from 1975 to 2024, from which we estimated the daily Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) for meteorological drought and the Soil Water Deficit Index (SWDI) for agricultural drought. For each crop, the number of drought days during each growth stage was calculated, and spatial distribution maps of both drought types were generated. The effects of meteorological and soil factors on drought during different crop growth stages were evaluated using Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation analyses.【Result】①For winter wheat, droughts were more frequent from the sowing-emergence to emergence-regreening stage than in other stages. Agricultural droughts could last consecutively up to 58 days, significantly longer than the maximum duration of meteorological droughts (46 days). Spatially, meteorological droughts occurred more frequently in the northern region, while agricultural droughts followed a ‘more in the north, less in the south’ pattern. ②For summer maize, droughts were mainly agricultural, particularly during the filling-maturity stage, where drought could last consecutively for 24 days. Spatially, droughts were more severe in the southern region than in the north. ③Meteorological droughts were driven by hydrothermal factors, with winter wheat drought influenced by precipitation, temperature and evapotranspiration, whereas summer maize drought was mainly affected by precipitation and dew-point temperature. In contrast, agricultural droughts were primarily driven by soil moisture, indirectly influenced by evapotranspiration and temperature through the imbalance between soil water supply and crop water demand.【Conclusion】The sowing-regreening stage of winter wheat and the filling-maturity stage of summer maize in the Huaibei Plain are particularly prone to drought stress. Agricultural droughts are dominant and exhibit distinct regional variations. Differences in the determinants of meteorological and agricultural droughts can guide precision irrigation strategies, such as improving soil water content during the early growth stage of winter wheat and maintaining root-zone moisture during the late growth stage of summer maize. |
| Key words: Huaibei Plain; winter wheat; summer maize; meteorological drought; agricultural drought; driving factors |
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