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| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2026009 |
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| Integrated water and fertilizer management in wheat-maize rotation systems in China: A review |
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LIU Zhendong, WANG Liang, JIANG Wen, GAO Yingbo, LI Zongxin, LIU Kaichang, LI Quanqi
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1. College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University/Shandong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water-saving Technology and Equipment, Tai’an 271018, China; 2. Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; 3. College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
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| Abstract: |
| Annual wheat-maize rotation is a traditional cultivation pattern in North China, and its fertilization and irrigation often face mismatches between peak demand of the crops for water and nutrients and pronounced seasonal fluctuations in soil water and nutrient availability in some specific stages during growth period of the crops. As such, this could reduce water and fertilizer use efficiency and increase the risk of non-point source pollution, compromising the development of sustainable agriculture. Water and fertilizer integration via coordinated regulation of precise irrigation and demand-driven fertilization offers an effective approach to address these challenges and has been investigated extensively over the past decades. This paper systematically reviews the advances in this technology, from early development and experimental validation to scale-up, optimization and large-scale application. The mechanisms underlying why water-fertilizer integration improves crop performance are analyzed, ranging from optimization of the root-zone water and nutrient environment, regulation of crop physiological and metabolic processes, to improvement in synchronization with nutrient cycling. We also review optimal water-fertilizer integration for wheat-maize rotation systems and its effectiveness in improving water and fertilizer use efficiency. We suggest developing an intelligent decision- support system for water and fertilizer management to evaluate the long-term impact of water-fertilizer integration on soil ecology, and synergistically integrating it with other agronomic practices such as straw return, deep tillage, organic fertilizer application and the use of lodging-resistant and stress-tolerant varieties to make the most of it. These integrated strategies can help improve water and fertilizer use efficiency and promote sustainable agriculture. |
| Key words: integrated water and fertilizer management; summer maize; winter wheat; yield; water and fertilizer use efficiency |
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