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| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2026028 |
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| Optimization of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization for growth and yield of mulched drip-irrigated spring soybean in Xinjiang |
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Zhong Huilin, Du Yuanhao, Shi Cong, Xie Haixia, Wang Qi
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1. Department of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Agronomy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China;
2. Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, China;
3. College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 Drip irrigation and mulch are the dominant practice for agricultural production in the arid and semi-arid regions in Xinjiang. However, imbalanced nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilization reduces fertilizer use efficiency and poses risks of environmental pollution. This paper explores the optimal N, P and K fertilization regimes to improve the growth and yield of spring soybean under mulched drip irrigation.【Method】The plot experiment was conducted in a spring soybean field, based on the classic ‘3414’ fertilizer experimental design. It included combinations of the following fertilizations: four N fertilization levels: applying 0 (N0), 60 (N1), 120 (N2) and 180 (N3) kg/hm2 of nitrogen; four P fertilization levels, applying 0 (P0), 60 (P1), 120 (P2) and 180 (P3) kg/hm2 of P2O5; and four K fertilization levels, applying 0 (K0), 50 (K1), 100 (K2) and 150 (K3) kg/hm2 of K2O. In each treatment, we measured the changes in nutrient contents in the 0-60 cm soil layer, and the growth and yield of the crop.【Result】All fertilization treatments les to an increase in alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the 0-20 cm soil layer. Soil nutrient content increased with increasing fertilization rate. Among all treatments, the N2P2K2 treatment significantly increased soil nutrient levels during the growing season and reduced nutrient residues at the harvest stage. In this treatment, the contents of soil alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium at harvest stage were 65.01、20.18 mg/kg and 453.31 mg/kg, respectively, creating a favourable environment for soybean growth. This treatment also gave the highest aboveground dry matter accumulation, number of pods per plant, numbers of seeds per plant, 100-seed weight and yield, which 4.46%-96.24%, 3.00%-54.95%, 6.30%-45.78%, 6.16%-49.29% and 27.30%-83.83% higher, respectively, than in other treatments. The agronomic efficiencies of N, P, and K fertilizers in this treatment were 10.92、8.62 kg/kg and 8.84 kg/kg, respectively, and their partial factor productivities were 39.94、39.94 kg/kg and 47.93 kg/kg, respectively. The ternary quadratic fertilizer response function indicated that N, P and K fertilizations had positive interactive effects on soybean yield, with the effects of each nutrient on grain yield ranked in the order of N＞K＞P.【Conclusion】For drip-irrigated spring soybean in mulched arid and semi-arid regions in Xinjiang, the optimal N, P and K fertilizations are 118.12 kg/hm2 of N, 110.28 kg/hm2 of P2O5, and 89.45 kg/hm2 of K2O for maximum yield and efficient nutrient utilization. |
| Key words: drip irrigation under mulch; spring soybean; ‘3414’ fertilizer plot experiment; soil nutrients; yield |
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