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| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2026004 |
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| Synergy effects of film mulching, biochar application and planting density on physiological traits, water-nitrogen utilization and drought resistance of maize in Northwest China |
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Li Changjian, Zhang Xuantao, Yan Shunling, Wan Qilin, Du Pengtao,
Lyu Dongli, Gao Xiaodong, Zhao Xining
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1. College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Control, Yangling 712100, China;
3. College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】To investigate the effects of different agronomic practices on the physiological characteristics, water and nitrogen utilization and drought resistance of maize, so as to identify a water-saving and high-yield cultivation patterns suitable for this region.【Method】A three-factor randomized block experiment was conducted, including two mulching treatments (M0, no mulching; M1, black plastic film mulching), three plant densities (D1, low density: 45 000 plants/hm2; D2, local conventional density: 60 000 plants/hm2; D3, high density: 75 000 plants/hm2), and three biochar application rates (B0, no biochar: 0 t/hm2; B15, low application rate: 15 t/hm2; B30, high application rate: 30 t/hm2). Maize growth and development, water and nitrogen use indices and drought resistance were systematically monitored.【Result】①The D3M1B30 treatment improved soil porosity more effectively than any single practice, with an increase of 7.68% compared with the D2M0B0. Plastic film mulching combined with biochar application significantly enhanced soil structural stability and water-holding capacity. The water use efficiency of maize under D3M1B30 was 59.78% higher than that under D2M0B0, accompanied by an increased in nitrogen use efficiency. ②In the two experimental years, the number of ears under D3 was averagely increased by 17.73%, and grain yield rosed by 2.04?% relative to D2. During 2023–2024, the grain yield of the D3M1B30 was averagely enhanced by 37.43% compared with the D2M0B0, and the harvest index reached 45.42% in 2024. ③The drought resistance index of the B30 was averagely 11.87% higher than that of the B0. The drought resistance index under D3B30 increased by 5.95% relative to D2B0, and the drought resistance index was significantly positively correlated with crop yield (R2=0.684).【Conclusion】In the dry-farming regions of Northwest China, the combination of plastic film mulching, biochar application at 30 t/hm2 and high-density planting (D3M1B30) represents a suitable cultivation pattern for simultaneously achieving high maize yield and resource-use efficiency while enhancing soil water retention and drought resistance, and shows good regional adaptability. |
| Key words: biochar planting density plastic film mulching maize yield drought resistance index |
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