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| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2020159 |
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| Effects of Different Irrigation Amount on Grape Growth and Quality in the Eastern Foot of Helan Mountain |
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SHEN Tian, HUANG Xiaojing, NIU Ruimin, XU Zehua, CHEN Weiping
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Germplasm Resources Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background】The eastern foot of Helan mountain is a massive area stretching from the alluvial fan of the Helan mountain to the alluvial plain of the Yellow river. In this region, most soil has a sandy texture and the average annual rainfall is less than 1/10 of the average annual evaporation, water scarcity in which is the abiotic factor limiting the growth and fruit quality of wine grapes. Regulated deficit irrigation has been developed as a water-saving method widely used in orchards over the past few years, due to its improved water use efficiency; it also affects synthesis of compounds in the plant by regulating flow of photosynthetic products, thereby altering fruit quality. 【Objective】The purpose of this paper is to seek an optimal irrigation schedule for grapes grown in alluvial soil in the eastern foot of the Helan Mountain by taking the variety of “Cabernet Sauvignon” as the model plant.【Method】We used 18-year old plants and compared four irrigation treatments: 4 497.75 m3/hm2 (T1), 3 748.13 m3/hm2 (T2) and 2 998.50 m3/hm2 (T3). Sufficient irrigation at 5 247.38 m3/hm2 was taken as the control (CK). In reach treatment, we measured shoot growth, photosynthetic characteristics, diurnal variation of leaf water potential, and fruit quality index at the shooting stage; the optimal irrigation was obtained from comprehensive evaluation.【Result】Reducing irrigation amount impeded growth of new shoots significantly, especially new shoots in the upper and middle parts of the trees. With the amount of irrigation decreasing, the net photosynthetic rate of the leaves decreased at different rates. With increase in the nodes of branches, the net photosynthetic rate of the leaves increased first followed by a decline. When the fruits were maturing, the nodes of the leaves with the highest net photosynthetic rate increased steadily. As the amount of irrigation decreased, the net photosynthetic rate of the leaves increased with tree height first before falling down, In the four critical stages in the fruit development, the maximum net photosynthetic rate in the T2 was reduced by 11.07%, 15.01%, 9.58%, and 17.15% respectively, while the maximum net photosynthetic rate in the T3 was reduced by 30.23%, compared to the CK. Reducing the amount of irrigation significantly reduced the leaf water potential and inhibited the expansion of the fruit, thereby affecting fruit quality. Reducing irrigation during the fruit expansion stage had the greatest impact on weight per fruit, with the weight per fruit in T3 down 14.69% compared to that in the CK. In contrast, reducing water application significantly increased the soluble solids and total soluble sugar of the fruits, with the soluble solids in T3 up 4.92% over the CK. The total soluble sugar measured 107 days after flowering in T1, T2 and T3 increased by 4.71%, 3.52% and 5.02%, respectively, compared to that in the CK. At harvest, the total phenol and tannin content in T2 increased by 8.56% and 5.39% respectively, while those in T1, T2, and T3 reduced by 10.13%, 15.00%, and 15.00%, respectively, compared to the UK. Reducing the amount of irrigation promoted the accumulation of total phenol and tannin in the fruits, and significantly reduced the titratable acid content.【Conclusion】 Irrigating 3 748.13 m3/hm2, scheduled 749.63 m3/hm2 at germination stage, 299.85 m3/hm2 at branching stage, 449.78 m3/hm2 at flowering stage, 899.55 m3/hm2 at fruit expansion stage (irrigating twice), 149.93 m3/hm2 during color change period, and 1 199.40 m3/hm2 in winter, was optimal. |
| Key words: regulated deficit irrigation; grape; growing development; fruit quality |
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